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Marxisme (Académique)

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  • Fabien Tarrit

    (REGARDS - Recherches en Économie Gestion AgroRessources Durabilité Santé- EA 6292 - URCA - Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne - MSH-URCA - Maison des Sciences Humaines de Champagne-Ardenne - URCA - Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne)

Abstract

La présente notice vise à la fois à la fois à présenter les fondements théoriques et méthodologiques du marxisme et à discuter la cohérence interne entre théorie et méthode. C'est à ce titre qu'un accent particulier est volontairement mis sur le marxisme analytique plutôt que sur les débats de l'après-guerre autour du marxisme. Le marxisme est apparu dans la deuxième moitié du XIX e siècle, avec les contributions de Karl Marx et Friedrich Engels, comme une conjonction entre une théorie pour la transformation sociale et une contribution à des mouvements d'émancipation. Aussi le socialisme scientifique présente une théorie de l'histoire en général, le matérialisme historique, qui propose des clés de compréhension de l'évolution historique sur une base matérielle, et une théorie du capitalisme en particulier qui développe, autour d'une critique de l'économie politique classique, le concept de plus-value et aboutit à une théorie du profit et des crises. Alors que le marxisme est marqué par sa spécificité méthodologique, le marxisme analytique propose une innovation en détachant le contenu de la théorie de sa méthode d'exposition. Une telle entreprise a été mise en oeuvre en particulier sur les deux aspects centraux dégagés précédemment, avec une défense analytique du matérialisme historique et une reconstruction néoclassique de la théorie économique marxienne.

Suggested Citation

  • Fabien Tarrit, 2017. "Marxisme (Académique)," Post-Print hal-02019117, HAL.
    • Handle: RePEc:hal:journl:hal-02019117
    Note: View the original document on HAL open archive server: https://hal.science/hal-02019117
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Fabien Tarrit, 2016. "Le marxisme de G.A. Cohen. Genèse, fondements et limites," Post-Print hal-02021343, HAL.
    2. Fabien Tarrit, 2012. "Marxisme analytique et classes sociales," Post-Print hal-02019776, HAL.
    3. John E. Roemer, 1979. "Divide and Conquer: Microfoundations of a Marxian Theory of Wage Discrimination," Bell Journal of Economics, The RAND Corporation, vol. 10(2), pages 695-705, Autumn.
    4. Alan Carling, 1997. "Analytical and Essential Marxism," Political Studies, Political Studies Association, vol. 45(4), pages 768-783, September.
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