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Les plateformes collaboratives : Éléments de caractérisation et stratégies de développement

Author

Listed:
  • Guillaume Compain

    (Université Paris Dauphine-PSL - PSL - Université Paris Sciences et Lettres)

  • Philippe Eynaud

    (LAB IAE Paris - Sorbonne - IAE Paris - Sorbonne Business School)

  • Lionel Morel

    (CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique)

  • Corinne Vercher-Chaptal

    (CEPN - Centre d'Economie de l'Université Paris Nord - UP13 - Université Paris 13 - USPC - Université Sorbonne Paris Cité - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique)

Abstract

L'économie collaborative est traversée par une diversité de récits et de pratiques qui rendent cette notion ambiguë. D'un côté, se revendiquent de l'économie collaborative de puissantes entreprises-plateformes qui sont conçues pour capter, traiter et contrôler des quantités de plus en plus importantes de données dans l'espoir de dégager des niveaux élevés de profits ; de l'autre côté, on y trouve des plateformes collaboratives qui visent à s'émanciper des principes purement marchands pour placer le partage et la solidarité au cœur de leurs modèles de développement. Une étude qualitative conduite en France auprès d'un échantillon de neuf plateformes de ce second type permet de faire ressortir deux résultats. Premièrement, les plateformes étudiées se caractérisent par une dynamique de réencastrement sur au moins l'une des trois marchandises fictives identifiées par Polanyi (le travail, la monnaie et la nature). Deuxièmement, elles visent à dépasser l'opposition classique entre la stratégie d'ouverture des communs numériques et l'approche - plus fermée - par la propriété collective du coopérativisme de plateformes. Les initiatives étudiées opèrent ce dépassement via des pratiques de mutualisations et d'alliances et une gouvernance multi parties prenantes construites autour de l'intérêt général. Ce faisant, les plateformes collaboratives inventent les contours d'un possible renouvellement de l'action publique et pose les bases d'une réponse organisée face aux défis de la transition sociale et écologique.

Suggested Citation

  • Guillaume Compain & Philippe Eynaud & Lionel Morel & Corinne Vercher-Chaptal, 2019. "Les plateformes collaboratives : Éléments de caractérisation et stratégies de développement," CEPN Working Papers halshs-02140103, HAL.
  • Handle: RePEc:hal:cepnwp:halshs-02140103
    Note: View the original document on HAL open archive server: https://shs.hal.science/halshs-02140103
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    References listed on IDEAS

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