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U.S. Banks and Global Liquidity

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Abstract

We characterize how U.S. global systemically important banks (GSIBs) supply short-term dollar liquidity in repo and foreign exchange swap markets in the post-Global Financial Crisis regulatory environment and serve as the "lenders-of-second-to-last-resort". Using daily supervisory bank balance sheet information, we find that U.S. GSIBs modestly increase their dollar liquidity provision in response to dollar funding shortages, particularly at period-ends, when the U.S. Treasury General Account balance increases, and during the balance sheet taper of the Federal Reserve. The increase in the dollar liquidity provision is mainly financed by reducing excess reserve balances at the Federal Reserve. Intra-firm transfers between depository institutions and broker-dealer subsidiaries within the same bank holding company are crucial to this type of "reserve-draining" intermediation. Finally, we discuss factors that contributed to the repo spike in September 2019 and the subseque nt response of U.S. GSIBs to recent policy interventions by the Federal Reserve.

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  • Ricardo Correa & Wenxin Du & Gordon Y. Liao, 2020. "U.S. Banks and Global Liquidity," International Finance Discussion Papers 1289, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (U.S.).
    • Handle: RePEc:fip:fedgif:1289
    DOI: 10.17016/IFDP.2020.1289
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    Cited by:

    1. Cerutti, Eugenio M. & Obstfeld, Maurice & Zhou, Haonan, 2021. "Covered interest parity deviations: Macrofinancial determinants," Journal of International Economics, Elsevier, vol. 130(C).
    2. Tobias J. Moskowitz & Chase P. Ross & Sharon Y. Ross & Kaushik Vasudevan, 2024. "Quantities and Covered-Interest Parity," Finance and Economics Discussion Series 2024-061, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (U.S.).
    3. Alyssa G. Anderson & Wenxin Du & Bernd Schlusche, 2021. "Arbitrage Capital of Global Banks," Finance and Economics Discussion Series 2021-032, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (U.S.).
    4. Liao, Gordon Y., 2020. "Credit migration and covered interest rate parity," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 138(2), pages 504-525.
    5. Cecilia R. Caglio & Adam Copeland & Antoine Martin, 2021. "The Value of Internal Sources of Funding Liquidity: U.S. Broker-Dealers and the Financial Crisis," Staff Reports 969, Federal Reserve Bank of New York.
    6. Eisenschmidt, Jens & Ma, Yiming & Zhang, Anthony Lee, 2024. "Monetary policy transmission in segmented markets," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 151(C).
    7. Juan M. Morelli & Pablo Ottonello & Diego J. Perez, 2022. "Global Banks and Systemic Debt Crises," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 90(2), pages 749-798, March.
    8. Gara Afonso & Darrell Duffie & Lorenzo Rigon & Hyun Song Shin, 2022. "How Abundant Are Reserves? Evidence from the Wholesale Payment System," Staff Reports 1040, Federal Reserve Bank of New York.
    9. Hüser, Anne-Caroline & Lepore, Caterina & Veraart, Luitgard, 2021. "How does the repo market behave under stress? Evidence from the Covid-19 crisis," Bank of England working papers 910, Bank of England, revised 18 Jun 2021.
    10. Ibhagui, Oyakhilome, 2021. "Real Output and Cross-Currency Basis Swap Spreads: Evidence from the Eurozone," Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, Elsevier, vol. 75(C).
    11. Pēteris Kloks & Patrick McGuire & Angelo Ranaldo & Vladyslav Sushko, 2023. "Bank positions in FX swaps: insights from CLS," BIS Quarterly Review, Bank for International Settlements, September.
    12. Klingler, Sven & Syrstad, Olav, 2021. "Life after LIBOR," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 141(2), pages 783-801.
    13. Claudio Borio & Robert N McCauley & Patrick McGuire, 2022. "Dollar debt in FX swaps and forwards: huge, missing and growing," BIS Quarterly Review, Bank for International Settlements, December.
    14. Sundaresan, Suresh & Xiao, Kairong, 2024. "Liquidity regulation and banks: Theory and evidence," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 151(C).
    15. Claudia M. Buch & Linda S. Goldberg, 2021. "Complexity and Riskiness of Banking Organizations: Evidence from the International Banking Research Network," Staff Reports 966, Federal Reserve Bank of New York.
    16. Sebastian Infante & Zack Saravay, 2020. "What Drives U.S. Treasury Re-use?," Finance and Economics Discussion Series 2020-103r1, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (U.S.), revised 24 Aug 2021.
    17. John Caramichael & Gordon Y. Liao, 2022. "Stablecoins: Growth Potential and Impact on Banking," International Finance Discussion Papers 1334, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (U.S.).
    18. Sriya Anbil & Alyssa G. Anderson & Zeynep Senyuz, 2021. "Are Repo Markets Fragile? Evidence from September 2019," Finance and Economics Discussion Series 2021-028, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (U.S.).

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Liquidity; Global banks; Repos; Reserves; Covered interest rate parity;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • G20 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - General
    • F30 - International Economics - - International Finance - - - General
    • E40 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Money and Interest Rates - - - General

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