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Capacidad económica y pautas de cotización y formación de pensiones de los trabajadores autónomos en España: evidencia empírica en el intervalo 2008/2017

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  • Alfonso R. Sánchez Martín

Abstract

Es conocido que un gran porcentaje de los autónomos afiliados al RETA eligen cotizar por la base mínima del Sistema. En este trabajo (segundo capítulo del proyecto de FEDEA sobre la protección social de los autónomos) documentamos de modo preciso las pautas de ahorro público (vía cotizaciones sociales) de estos trabajadores y evaluamos su esfuerzo contributivo a la vista de su renta disponible y del ahorro que realizan con instrumentos privados. Analizando los datos administrativos de la Seguridad Social encontramos que, efectivamente, una gran parte de los autónomos cotizan por la base mínima durante la mayoría de su carrera laboral. Sin embargo, para medir correctamente la intensidad de sus contribuciones en el ciclo vital es importante incluir sus episodios de afiliación fuera del RETA y, en general, la continuidad en sus perfiles de afiliación. Además, ésta intensidad contributiva debe interpretarse en relación a la capacidad económica de los autónomos. Utilizando la Encuesta Financiera de las Familias del Banco de España encontramos que esta capacidad es, en 2014, bastante modesta en media (aunque existe una gran dispersión en la rentas disponible familiar y el nivel de ahorro privado de los autónomos). Un porcentaje importante de autónomos no parece tener capacidad para responder a los incentivos al ahorro que proporciona el Sistema de pensiones. Para ellos, incluso cotizar por la base mínima supone un esfuerzo importante. Por otra parte, también encontramos grupos de autónomos que sí responden a los incentivos implícitos en la normativa (por ejemplo, alineando los cambios en las bases de cotización con las edades claves del sistema y reaccionado a los importantes cambios legislativos introducidos desde 2011).

Suggested Citation

  • Alfonso R. Sánchez Martín, 2019. "Capacidad económica y pautas de cotización y formación de pensiones de los trabajadores autónomos en España: evidencia empírica en el intervalo 2008/2017," Studies on the Spanish Economy eee2019-27, FEDEA.
    • Handle: RePEc:fda:fdaeee:eee2019-27
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    References listed on IDEAS

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