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Investing in Europe’s green future: green investment needs, outlook and obstacles to funding the gap

Author

Listed:
  • Nerlich, Carolin
  • Köhler-Ulbrich, Petra
  • Andersson, Malin
  • Pasqua, Carlo
  • Abraham, Laurent
  • Bańkowski, Krzysztof
  • Emambakhsh, Tina
  • Ferrando, Annalisa
  • Grynberg, Charlotte
  • Groß, Johannes
  • Hoendervangers, Lucia
  • Kostakis, Vasileios
  • Momferatou, Daphne
  • Rau-Goehring, Matthias
  • Rusinova, Desislava
  • Setzer, Ralph
  • Spaggiari, Martina
  • Tamburrini, Fabio
  • Simon, Josep Maria Vendrell
  • Vinci, Francesca
  • Rariga, Erzsebet-Judit

Abstract

The green transition of the EU economy will require substantial investment to 2030 and beyond. Estimates of green investment needs vary between institutions and are surrounded by high uncertainty, but they all point to a requirement for faster and more ambitious action. Green investment will need to be financed primarily by the private sector. While banks are expected to make a key contribution to funding the green transition, capital markets need to deepen further, especially to support innovation financing. Progress on the capital markets union would support the green transition. Public funds will be vital to complement and de-risk private green investment. Structural reforms and enhanced business conditions should be tailored to encourage firms, households and investors to step up their green investment activities. JEL Classification: E22, E44, G21, Q41, Q50, Q58

Suggested Citation

  • Nerlich, Carolin & Köhler-Ulbrich, Petra & Andersson, Malin & Pasqua, Carlo & Abraham, Laurent & Bańkowski, Krzysztof & Emambakhsh, Tina & Ferrando, Annalisa & Grynberg, Charlotte & Groß, Johannes & H, 2025. "Investing in Europe’s green future: green investment needs, outlook and obstacles to funding the gap," Occasional Paper Series 367, European Central Bank.
    • Handle: RePEc:ecb:ecbops:2025367
    Note: 508107
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    financing; fiscal policy; green transition; investment; structural policy;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • E22 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Consumption, Saving, Production, Employment, and Investment - - - Investment; Capital; Intangible Capital; Capacity
    • E44 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Money and Interest Rates - - - Financial Markets and the Macroeconomy
    • G21 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - Banks; Other Depository Institutions; Micro Finance Institutions; Mortgages
    • Q41 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Energy - - - Demand and Supply; Prices
    • Q50 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Environmental Economics - - - General
    • Q58 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Environmental Economics - - - Environmental Economics: Government Policy

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