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The Unequal Economic Consequences of Carbon Pricing

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  • Diego R. Känzig

Abstract

This paper studies the economic impacts of carbon pricing. Exploiting institutional features of the European carbon market and high-frequency data, I document that a tighter carbon pricing regime leads to higher energy prices, lower emissions and more green innovation. This comes at the cost of a fall in economic activity, which is borne unequally across society: poorer households lower their consumption significantly while richer households are less affected. The poor are more exposed because of their higher energy share and, importantly, also experience a larger fall in income. Targeted fiscal policy can help alleviate these costs while maintaining emission reductions.

Suggested Citation

  • Diego R. Känzig, 2023. "The Unequal Economic Consequences of Carbon Pricing," NBER Working Papers 31221, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    • Handle: RePEc:nbr:nberwo:31221
    Note: EEE EFG ME
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Ferrari Minesso, Massimo & Pagliari, Maria Sole, 2023. "No country is an island. International cooperation and climate change," Journal of International Economics, Elsevier, vol. 145(C).
    2. Campiglio, Emanuele & Lamperti, Francesco & Terranova, Roberta, 2024. "Believe me when I say green! Heterogeneous expectations and climate policy uncertainty," Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, Elsevier, vol. 165(C).
    3. Sager, Lutz, 2023. "The global consumer incidence of carbon pricing: Evidence from trade," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 127(PB).
    4. van Dijk Herman K., 2024. "Challenges and Opportunities for Twenty First Century Bayesian Econometricians: A Personal View," Studies in Nonlinear Dynamics & Econometrics, De Gruyter, vol. 28(2), pages 155-176, April.
    5. Diego R. Känzig & Maximilian Konradt, 2024. "Climate Policy and the Economy: Evidence from Europe’s Carbon Pricing Initiatives," IMF Economic Review, Palgrave Macmillan;International Monetary Fund, vol. 72(3), pages 1081-1124, September.
    6. Geiger, Martin & Güntner, Jochen, 2024. "The chronology of Brexit and UK monetary policy," Journal of Monetary Economics, Elsevier, vol. 142(C).
    7. Pablo Garcia & Pascal Jacquinot & ÄŒrt LenarÄ iÄ & Kostas Mavromatis & Niki Papadopoulou & Niki Papadopoulou, 2024. "Green Transition in the Euro Area: Domestic and Global Factors," Working Papers 816, DNB.
    8. Yoshihiko Hogen & Yojiro Ito & Kenji Kanai & Naoya Kishi, 2024. "Changes in the Global Economic Landscape and Issues for Japan's Economy," Bank of Japan Working Paper Series 24-E-3, Bank of Japan.
    9. Morão, Hugo, 2024. "The impact of carbon policy news on the national energy industry," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 134(C).
    10. Saroj Bhattarai & Arpita Chatterjee & Gautham Udupa, 2024. "Food, Fuel, and Facts: Distributional Effects of Global Price Shocks," Discussion Papers 2024-03, School of Economics, The University of New South Wales.
    11. Max Breitenlechner & Martin Geiger & Mathias Klein, 2024. "The Fiscal Channel of Monetary Policy," Working Papers 2024-07, Faculty of Economics and Statistics, Universität Innsbruck.
    12. Bettarelli, Luca & Furceri, Davide & Pizzuto, Pietro & Shakoor, Nadia, 2024. "Climate change policies and income inequality," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 191(C).
    13. Xiaoke Zhu & Qiyun Deng & Shuo Zhang, 2024. "Toward low-carbon transition: Does carbon regulation matter for spatial development inequality?," Economic Change and Restructuring, Springer, vol. 57(6), pages 1-29, December.
    14. Severin Reissl & Luca E. Fierro & Francesco Lamperti & Andrea Roventini, 2024. "The DSK-SFC stock-flow consistent agent-based integrated assessment model," LEM Papers Series 2024/09, Laboratory of Economics and Management (LEM), Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies, Pisa, Italy.
    15. Oguzhan Cepni & Luis A. Gil-Alana & Rangan Gupta & Onur Polat, 2024. "Time-Variation in the Persistence of Carbon Price Uncertainty: The Role of Carbon Policy Uncertainty," Working Papers 202446, University of Pretoria, Department of Economics.
    16. Michael D. Bauer & Eric A. Offner & Glenn D. Rudebusch, 2023. "The Effect of U.S. Climate Policy on Financial Markets: An Event Study of the Inflation Reduction Act," CESifo Working Paper Series 10739, CESifo.
    17. Celso Brunetti & Matteo Crosignani & Benjamin Dennis & Gurubala Kotta & Donald P. Morgan & Chaehee Shin & Ilknur Zer, 2024. "Climate-Related Financial Stability Risks for the United States: Methods and Applications," Economic Policy Review, Federal Reserve Bank of New York, vol. 30(1), pages 1-37, October.
    18. Fernandez, Viviana & Pastén-Henríquez, Boris & Tapia-Griñen, Pablo & Wagner, Rodrigo, 2023. "Commodity prices under the threat of operational disruptions: Labor strikes at copper mines," Journal of Commodity Markets, Elsevier, vol. 32(C).
    19. Jiansong Xu, 2024. "The Role of Carbon Pricing in Food Inflation: Evidence from Canadian Provinces," Papers 2404.09467, arXiv.org, revised May 2024.
    20. Øistein Røisland & Tommy Sveen & Ragnar Torvik, 2023. "The interplay between monetary and fiscal policy in a small open economy," Working Papers No 07/2023, Centre for Applied Macro- and Petroleum economics (CAMP), BI Norwegian Business School.
    21. Angelico, Cristina, 2024. "The green transition and firms' expectations on future prices: Survey evidence," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 221(C), pages 519-543.
    22. Philipp Heimberger & Andreas Lichtenberger & Anna R. Matzner & Bernhard Schütz & Lea Steininger, 2024. "Monthly Report No. 2/2024," wiiw Monthly Reports 2024-02, The Vienna Institute for International Economic Studies, wiiw.

    More about this item

    JEL classification:

    • E32 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Prices, Business Fluctuations, and Cycles - - - Business Fluctuations; Cycles
    • E62 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Macroeconomic Policy, Macroeconomic Aspects of Public Finance, and General Outlook - - - Fiscal Policy; Modern Monetary Theory
    • H23 - Public Economics - - Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue - - - Externalities; Redistributive Effects; Environmental Taxes and Subsidies
    • Q54 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Environmental Economics - - - Climate; Natural Disasters and their Management; Global Warming
    • Q58 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Environmental Economics - - - Environmental Economics: Government Policy

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