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Halfspace Depths for Scatter, Concentration and Shape Matrices

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  • Davy Paindaveine
  • Germain Van Bever

Abstract

We propose halfspace depth concepts for scatter, concentration and shape matrices. For scatter matrices, our concept extends the one from Chen, Gao and Ren (2015) to the non-centered case, and is in the same spirit as the one in Zhang (2002). Rather than focusing, as in these earlier works, on deepest scatter matrices, we thoroughly investigate the properties of the proposed depth and of the corresponding depth regions. We do so under minimal assumptions and, in particular, we do not restrict to elliptical distributions nor to absolutely continuous distributions. Interestingly, fully understanding scatter halfspace depth requires considering different geometries/topologies on the space of scatter matrices. We also discuss, in the spirit of Zuo and Serfling (2000), the structural properties a scatter depth should satisfy, and investigate whether or not these are met by the proposed depth. As mentioned above, companion concepts of depth for concentration matrices and shape matrices are also proposed and studied. We illustrate the practical relevance of the proposed concepts by considering a real-data example from finance.

Suggested Citation

  • Davy Paindaveine & Germain Van Bever, 2017. "Halfspace Depths for Scatter, Concentration and Shape Matrices," Working Papers ECARES ECARES 2017-19, ULB -- Universite Libre de Bruxelles.
    • Handle: RePEc:eca:wpaper:2013/250239
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Davy Paindaveine & Germain Van Bever, 2012. "Nonparametrically Consistent Depth-Based Classifiers," Working Papers ECARES ECARES 2012-014, ULB -- Universite Libre de Bruxelles.
    2. Liesa Denecke & Christine Müller, 2014. "Consistency of the likelihood depth estimator for the correlation coefficient," Statistical Papers, Springer, vol. 55(1), pages 3-13, February.
    3. Davy Paindaveine & Germain Van Bever, 2013. "Inference on the Shape of Elliptical Distribution Based on the MCD," Working Papers ECARES ECARES 2013-27, ULB -- Universite Libre de Bruxelles.
    4. Gerda Claeskens & Mia Hubert & Leen Slaets & Kaveh Vakili, 2014. "Multivariate Functional Halfspace Depth," Journal of the American Statistical Association, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 109(505), pages 411-423, March.
    5. Denecke, Liesa & Müller, Christine H., 2011. "Robust estimators and tests for bivariate copulas based on likelihood depth," Computational Statistics & Data Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 55(9), pages 2724-2738, September.
    6. Davy Paindaveine & Germain Van bever, 2013. "From Depth to Local Depth: A Focus on Centrality," Journal of the American Statistical Association, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 108(503), pages 1105-1119, September.
    7. Paindaveine, Davy & Van Bever, Germain, 2014. "Inference on the shape of elliptical distributions based on the MCD," Journal of Multivariate Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 129(C), pages 125-144.
    8. Mia Hubert & Peter Rousseeuw & Pieter Segaert, 2015. "Multivariate functional outlier detection," Statistical Methods & Applications, Springer;Società Italiana di Statistica, vol. 24(2), pages 177-202, July.
    9. López-Pintado, Sara & Romo, Juan, 2009. "On the Concept of Depth for Functional Data," Journal of the American Statistical Association, American Statistical Association, vol. 104(486), pages 718-734.
    10. Zhang, Jian, 2002. "Some Extensions of Tukey's Depth Function," Journal of Multivariate Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 82(1), pages 134-165, July.
    11. Victor Chernozhukov & Alfred Galichon & Marc Hallin & Marc Henry, 2014. "Monge-Kantorovich Depth, Quantiles, Ranks, and Signs," Papers 1412.8434, arXiv.org, revised Sep 2015.
    12. Robert Serfling, 2010. "Equivariance and invariance properties of multivariate quantile and related functions, and the role of standardisation," Journal of Nonparametric Statistics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 22(7), pages 915-936.
    13. Marc Hallin & Davy Paindaveine & Miroslav Siman, 2008. "Multivariate quantiles and multiple-output regression quantiles: from L1 optimization to halfspace depth," Working Papers ECARES 2008_042, ULB -- Universite Libre de Bruxelles.
    14. Jun Li & Juan A. Cuesta-Albertos & Regina Y. Liu, 2012. "DD -Classifier: Nonparametric Classification Procedure Based on DD -Plot," Journal of the American Statistical Association, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 107(498), pages 737-753, June.
    15. Frahm, Gabriel, 2009. "Asymptotic distributions of robust shape matrices and scales," Journal of Multivariate Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 100(7), pages 1329-1337, August.
    16. Lutz Dümbgen & David E. Tyler, 2005. "On the Breakdown Properties of Some Multivariate M‐Functionals," Scandinavian Journal of Statistics, Danish Society for Theoretical Statistics;Finnish Statistical Society;Norwegian Statistical Association;Swedish Statistical Association, vol. 32(2), pages 247-264, June.
    17. Mia Hubert & Peter Rousseeuw & Pieter Segaert, 2015. "Rejoinder to ‘multivariate functional outlier detection’," Statistical Methods & Applications, Springer;Società Italiana di Statistica, vol. 24(2), pages 269-277, July.
    18. Taskinen, Sara & Croux, Christophe & Kankainen, Annaliisa & Ollila, Esa & Oja, Hannu, 2006. "Influence functions and efficiencies of the canonical correlation and vector estimates based on scatter and shape matrices," Journal of Multivariate Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 97(2), pages 359-384, February.
    19. Thomas P. Hettmansperger, 2002. "A practical affine equivariant multivariate median," Biometrika, Biometrika Trust, vol. 89(4), pages 851-860, December.
    20. Nordhausen, Klaus & Oja, Hannu & Paindaveine, Davy, 2009. "Signed-rank tests for location in the symmetric independent component model," Journal of Multivariate Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 100(5), pages 821-834, May.
    21. Cuesta-Albertos, J.A. & Nieto-Reyes, A., 2008. "The random Tukey depth," Computational Statistics & Data Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 52(11), pages 4979-4988, July.
    22. Anirvan Chakraborty & Probal Chaudhuri, 2014. "On data depth in infinite dimensional spaces," Annals of the Institute of Statistical Mathematics, Springer;The Institute of Statistical Mathematics, vol. 66(2), pages 303-324, April.
    23. Sirkku Pauliina Ilmonen & Davy Paindaveine, 2011. "Semiparametrically Efficient Inference Based on Signed Ranks in Symmetric Independent Component Models," Working Papers ECARES ECARES 2011-003, ULB -- Universite Libre de Bruxelles.
    24. Anil K. Ghosh & Probal Chaudhuri, 2005. "On Maximum Depth and Related Classifiers," Scandinavian Journal of Statistics, Danish Society for Theoretical Statistics;Finnish Statistical Society;Norwegian Statistical Association;Swedish Statistical Association, vol. 32(2), pages 327-350, June.
    25. Seija Sirkiä & Sara Taskinen & Hannu Oja & David Tyler, 2009. "Tests and estimates of shape based on spatial signs and ranks," Journal of Nonparametric Statistics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 21(2), pages 155-176.
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    Cited by:

    1. Chau, Van Vinh & Ombao, Hernando & von Sachs, Rainer, 2017. "Data depth and rank-based tests for covariance and spectral density matrices," LIDAM Discussion Papers ISBA 2017019, Université catholique de Louvain, Institute of Statistics, Biostatistics and Actuarial Sciences (ISBA).
    2. Nagy, Stanislav, 2019. "Scatter halfspace depth for K-symmetric distributions," Statistics & Probability Letters, Elsevier, vol. 149(C), pages 171-177.

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