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Auswirkungen der Einführung der Sozialversicherungspflicht für geringfügige Beschäftigung: eine Evaluation des "630-DM-Jobs"-Reformgesetzes

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  • Johannes Schwarze
  • Guido Heineck

Abstract

Mit den Längsschnittdaten des SOEP wird in diesem Beitrag untersucht, wie geringfügig Beschäftigte auf die im April 1999 eingeführte Sozialversicherungspflicht für derartige Beschäftigungsverhältnisse reagiert haben. Da ausschließlich geringfügig Beschäftigte und geringfügig Nebentätige auf sehr unterschiedliche Weise von den Neuregelungen betroffen sind, werden separate empirische Analysen durchgeführt. Die Dynamik der geringfügigen Beschäftigung und der Nebentätigkeit werden mit einer pseudo-kontrafaktischen Situation verglichen, um die über die "natürlichen" Veränderungen hinausgehenden Einflüsse der Reform analysieren zu können. Weiterhin wird mit ökonometrischen Methoden untersucht, welche Determinanten den Verbleib in oder das Ausscheiden aus der geringfügigen Beschäftigung bzw. der Nebentätigkeit beeinflussen. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass eine Strukturveränderung der geringfügigen Beschäftigung stattgefunden hat: Geringfügig Nebenerwerbstätige werden tendenziell durch ausschließlich geringfügig Beschäftigte substituiert. Die Strukturveränderung kann sowohl angebots- als auch nachfrageseitig erklärt werden. Dem Ziel der Einbeziehung der Einkommen aus geringfügiger Beschäftigung zur Finanzierung der Sozialversicherungssysteme ist man sicherlich näher gekommen. Ob allerdings die Beschäftigten, und insbesondere die verheirateten Frauen, nennenswerte eigene Ansprüche an vor allem die gesetzliche Rentenversicherung aufbauen werden, bleibt fraglich. Ihre Anreize, in eine Teilzeit- oder Vollzeiterwerbstätigkeit zu wechseln, sind durch die Reform noch weiter vermindert worden.

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  • Johannes Schwarze & Guido Heineck, 2001. "Auswirkungen der Einführung der Sozialversicherungspflicht für geringfügige Beschäftigung: eine Evaluation des "630-DM-Jobs"-Reformgesetzes," Discussion Papers of DIW Berlin 257, DIW Berlin, German Institute for Economic Research.
    • Handle: RePEc:diw:diwwpp:dp257
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    1. Thomas Siedler & Jürgen Schupp & C. Katharina Spiess & Gert G. Wagner, 2008. "The German Socio-Economic Panel as Reference Data Set," RatSWD Working Papers 48, German Data Forum (RatSWD).
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    Cited by:

    1. Heineck, Guido & Schwarze, Johannes, 2004. "Fly Me to the Moon: The Determinants of Secondary Jobholding in Germany and the UK," IZA Discussion Papers 1358, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    2. Böheim, René & Taylor, Mark P., 2004. "And in the Evening She's a Singer with the Band – Second Jobs, Plight or Pleasure?," IZA Discussion Papers 1081, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    3. Viktor Steiner & Katharina Wrohlich, 2005. "Work Incentives and Labor Supply Effects of the ‘Mini-Jobs Reform’ in Germany," Empirica, Springer;Austrian Institute for Economic Research;Austrian Economic Association, vol. 32(1), pages 91-116, March.

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