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Commercial Paratransit in the United States: Service Options, Markets, and Performance

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  • Cervero, Robert

Abstract

Paratransit has the potential to produce substantial mobility and environmental benefits by attracting large numbers of urban trips that otherwise would be made by private automobile. Experiments with shared-ride taxis and jitney services in Seattle, San Diego, Indianapolis, and several other U.S. cities in the late 1970s and 1980s demonstrated there is a market demand for frequent, on-call, and sometimes door-to-door services that are cheaper than exclusive-ride taxis and sometimes even public transit (Frankena and Paulter, 1984; Cervero, 1985). Importantly these types of services blend the best features of mass transit (i.e., multiple-occupancy) and the private automobile (i.e., flexible, on-call, point-to-point services). Because of allegations of unfair competition and "cream-skimming," however, many local and state authorities introduced or tightened regulations over the past three decades that effectively banned competitive, free-enterprise paratransit from most American cities. In addition, labor protection legislation, such as the 13(c) provision of the Federal Transit Act, as well as capital and operating subsidies to public transit have placed private paratransit operators at a competitive disadvantage, limiting most to specialized, contract services such as for the elderly and disabled.

Suggested Citation

  • Cervero, Robert, 1996. "Commercial Paratransit in the United States: Service Options, Markets, and Performance," University of California Transportation Center, Working Papers qt1cp1t1vh, University of California Transportation Center.
  • Handle: RePEc:cdl:uctcwp:qt1cp1t1vh
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Kitch, Edmund W & Isaacson, Marc & Kasper, Daniel, 1971. "The Regulation of Taxicabs in Chicago," Journal of Law and Economics, University of Chicago Press, vol. 14(2), pages 285-350, October.
    2. Giuliano, Genevieve & Hwang, Keith & Wachs, Martin, 1993. "Employee trip reduction in Southern California: First year results," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 27(2), pages 125-137, April.
    3. Giuliano, Genevieve & Hwang, Keith & Wachs, Martin, 1993. "Employee Trip Reduction in Southern California: First Year Results," University of California Transportation Center, Working Papers qt33d4b646, University of California Transportation Center.
    4. Cervero, Robert & Kirk, Thomas & Mount, Douglas & Reed, Carma, 1995. "Paratransit in the San Francisco Bay Area: Providing Feeder Connections to Rail," University of California Transportation Center, Working Papers qt9vp3z4sv, University of California Transportation Center.
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    Cited by:

    1. Wright, Steve & Emele, C. David & Fukumoto, Masayuki & Velaga, Nagendra R. & Nelson, John D., 2014. "The design, management and operation of flexible transport systems: Comparison of experience between UK, Japan and India," Research in Transportation Economics, Elsevier, vol. 48(C), pages 330-338.

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