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Testing Wildfire Evacuation Strategies and Coordination Plans for Wildland-Urban Interface (WUI) Communities in California

Author

Listed:
  • Soga, Kenichi PhD
  • Comfort, Louise PhD
  • Li, Pengshun
  • Zhao, Bingyu PhD
  • Lorusso, Paola

Abstract

In the event of a wildfire, government agencies need to make quick, well-informed decisions to safely evacuate people. Small communities, such as in Marin County, with a mix of residences and flammable vegetation in Wildland-Urban Interface zones tend to lack resources to conduct evacuation studies. Consequently, this study uses a framework of wildfire and traffic simulations to test the performance of potential evacuation strategies, including reducing the volume of evacuating vehicles through car-pooling, phasing evacuations by staggering evacuation times by zone, and prohibiting street parking in four representative areas of Marin County. Results show that reducing vehicle numbers lowers the average travel time by 20%-70% and average exposure time to wildfire by 27%-60% from the baseline. Phased evacuations with suitable time intervals lower the average travel time by 13.5%-70%, but may expose more vehicles to fire in some situations. Prohibiting street parking yields varying results due to different numbers of exits and evacuees. In some cases, prohibiting street parking reduces the average travel time by over 50%, while in other cases it only reduces the average travel time by 9%, contributing little to evacuation efficiency. Altogether, Marin County may want to consider developing a communication and parking plan to reduce the number of evacuating vehicles in wildfire situations. Phased evacuation is also highly recommended, but the suitable phasing interval depends on the speed of fire spread and number of evacuees. Further, whether to establish street parking prohibition policies for a certain area depends on the number of exits and the number of vehicles on the streets.

Suggested Citation

  • Soga, Kenichi PhD & Comfort, Louise PhD & Li, Pengshun & Zhao, Bingyu PhD & Lorusso, Paola, 2024. "Testing Wildfire Evacuation Strategies and Coordination Plans for Wildland-Urban Interface (WUI) Communities in California," Institute of Transportation Studies, Research Reports, Working Papers, Proceedings qt78n6n8rf, Institute of Transportation Studies, UC Berkeley.
    • Handle: RePEc:cdl:itsrrp:qt78n6n8rf
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. So, Stella K. & Daganzo, Carlos F., 2010. "Managing evacuation routes," Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, Elsevier, vol. 44(4), pages 514-520, May.
    2. Wong, Stephen & Shaheen, Susan PhD, 2019. "Current State of the Sharing Economy and Evacuations: Lessons from California," Institute of Transportation Studies, Research Reports, Working Papers, Proceedings qt16s8d37x, Institute of Transportation Studies, UC Berkeley.
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    5. Wong, Stephen D PhD & Broader, Jacquelyn C & Walker, Joan L PhD & Shaheen, Susan A PhD, 2022. "Understanding California wildfire evacuee behavior and joint choice making," Institute of Transportation Studies, Research Reports, Working Papers, Proceedings qt4fm7d34j, Institute of Transportation Studies, UC Berkeley.
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    Keywords

    Engineering; Wildfires; evacuation; urban areas; greenways; traffic simulation; advanced traveler information systems; street parking;
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