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Testing exogeneity in the bivariate probit model: Monte Carlo evidence and an application to health economics

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  • D. Fabbri
  • C. Monfardini
  • R. Radice

Abstract

Many economic applications involve the modeling of a binary variable as simultaneously determined with one of its dycotomous regressors. In this paper we deal with a prominent health economics case study, that of cesarean section delivery utilization across public and private hospitals. Estimating the probability of cesarean section in a univariate framework neglecting the potential endogeneity of the hospital type dummy might lead to invalid inference. Since little is known about the exact sampling properties of alternative statistics for testing exogeneity of a dycotomous regressor in probit models, we conduct an extensive Monte Carlo experiment. Equipped with the simulation results we apply a comprehensive battery of tests to an Italian sample of women and find clear evidence against exogeneity of the hospital type dummy. We speculate on the economic implications of these results and discuss the misleading interpretation arising from the adoption of either univariate probit model or seemingly unrelated bivariate probit model.

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  • D. Fabbri & C. Monfardini & R. Radice, 2004. "Testing exogeneity in the bivariate probit model: Monte Carlo evidence and an application to health economics," Working Papers 514, Dipartimento Scienze Economiche, Universita' di Bologna.
    • Handle: RePEc:bol:bodewp:514
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    2. Claire Dujardin & Florence Goffette-Nagot, 2005. "Neighborhood effects, public housing and unemployment in France," Post-Print halshs-00180046, HAL.
    3. Udo Schneider & Volker Ulrich, 2007. "Health Relevant Behavior and its Impact on the Physician-Patient Relationship," Working Papers 023, Bavarian Graduate Program in Economics (BGPE).
    4. Udo Schneider & Volker Ulrich, 2008. "The physician-patient relationship revisited: the patient’s view," International Journal of Health Economics and Management, Springer, vol. 8(4), pages 279-300, December.
    5. Balia, Silvia & Jones, Andrew M., 2008. "Mortality, lifestyle and socio-economic status," Journal of Health Economics, Elsevier, vol. 27(1), pages 1-26, January.
    6. Sergi Jimenez & Natalia Jorgensen & José María Labeaga, 2008. "Immigration and the Demand for Health in Spain," Working Papers 2008-38, FEDEA.
    7. Noureddine Benlagha & Imen Karaa, 2017. "Evidence of adverse selection in automobile insurance market: A seemingly unrelated probit modelling," Cogent Economics & Finance, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 5(1), pages 1330303-133, January.
    8. Frederique Savignac, 2008. "Impact Of Financial Constraints On Innovation: What Can Be Learned From A Direct Measure?," Economics of Innovation and New Technology, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 17(6), pages 553-569.
    9. Guillaume Blache, 2011. "Active labour market policies in Denmark: A comparative analysis of post-program effects," Documents de travail du Centre d'Economie de la Sorbonne 11071, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne (Paris 1), Centre d'Economie de la Sorbonne.
    10. Patricia Triunfo & Máximo Rossi, 2009. "The effect of physicians’ remuneration system on the Caesarean section rate: the Uruguayan case," International Journal of Health Economics and Management, Springer, vol. 9(4), pages 333-345, December.
    11. Georgios P. Kouretas & Mark E. Wohar, 2012. "The dynamics of inflation: a study of a large number of countries," Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 44(16), pages 2001-2026, June.
    12. Dasgupta, Susmita & Meisner, Craig & Huq, Mainul, 2005. "Health effects and pesticide perception as determinants of pesticide use : evidence from Bangladesh," Policy Research Working Paper Series 3776, The World Bank.
    13. William Greene, 2007. "Discrete Choice Modeling," Working Papers 07-6, New York University, Leonard N. Stern School of Business, Department of Economics.
    14. Julide Yildirim & Nebile Korucu & Semsettin Karasu, 2010. "Further Education Or Re-Enlistment Decision In Turkish Armed Forces: A Seemingly Unrelated Probit Analysis," Defence and Peace Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 21(1), pages 89-103.
    15. Barone, Adriana & O'Higgins, Niall, 2010. "Fat and out in Salerno and its province: Adolescent obesity and early school leaving in Southern Italy," Economics & Human Biology, Elsevier, vol. 8(1), pages 44-57, March.
    16. Zulkefli, Zurina & jones, Glenn, 2012. "Moral Hazard and the Impact of Private Health Insurance on the Utilisation of Health Care in Malaysia," Jurnal Ekonomi Malaysia, Faculty of Economics and Business, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, vol. 46(2), pages 159-175.
    17. Arrieta, Alejandro, 2011. "Health reform and cesarean sections in the private sector: The experience of Peru," Health Policy, Elsevier, vol. 99(2), pages 124-130, February.
    18. Susmita Dasgupta & Craig Meisner & Mainul Huq, 2007. "A Pinch or a Pint? Evidence of Pesticide Overuse in Bangladesh," Journal of Agricultural Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 58(1), pages 91-114, February.
    19. Guillaume Blache, 2011. "Active Labour Market Policies in Denmark : A Comparative Analysis of Post-Program Effects," Post-Print halshs-00654181, HAL.
    20. Dias, Daniel A. & Marques, Carlos Robalo & Martins, Fernando, 2013. "Wage rigidity and employment adjustment at the firm level: Evidence from survey data," Labour Economics, Elsevier, vol. 23(C), pages 40-49.
    21. Guillaume Blache, 2011. "Active Labour Market Policies in Denmark : A Comparative Analysis of Post-Program Effects," Université Paris1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (Post-Print and Working Papers) halshs-00654181, HAL.
    22. Jonathan Beck, 2004. "Fixed, Focal, Fair? Book Prices Under Optional Resale Price Maintenance," CIG Working Papers SP II 2004-15, Wissenschaftszentrum Berlin (WZB), Research Unit: Competition and Innovation (CIG).
    23. Joan Costa Font & Joan Gil Trasfi, 2005. "Obesity and the Incidence of Chronic Diseases: a Seemingly Unrelated Probit Approach," Working Papers in Economics 137, Universitat de Barcelona. Espai de Recerca en Economia.
    24. Tebkieta Alexandra Tapsoba, 2022. "Remittances and households' livelihood in the context of Covid‐19: Evidence from Burkina Faso," Journal of International Development, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 34(4), pages 737-753, May.

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