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Distribution, Inequality and Poverty in Colombia: An Assessment of the Contribution of the Minimum Wage

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  • Francisco Lasso-Valderrama
  • Carmiña O. Vargas

Abstract

In Colombia, 50% of labor income is lower than the legal MW level. It is in this context that we analyze the effect of increasing MW on labor income distribution and its inequality, household income distribution and its inequality, and on monetary poverty prevalence. Specifically, we study the unconditional quantiles to establish whether there are differential effects for low quantiles, for those closer to MW, and for higher quantiles. We perform this analysis for different occupational groups. We also assess the effects of MW relative to median on labor income inequality, measured by its Gini coefficient, and on monetary poverty prevalence. We find that increases in MW raises quantile values of labor income for most occupational groups, except for the 10th quantile of those distributions. For this quantile, the effects are mostly not statistically significant. With respect to household income per-capita, we find that increasing MW raises all income quantiles, except for the lowest 10% of income. The effect for the 10th quantile is negative. Consistent with those results, we find that increasing MW when it is high relative to median income increases inequality measured by the Gini coefficient as well as monetary poverty prevalence. We use unconditional quantile regressions for our analysis. We use the microdata of a pooled sample of household surveys in Colombia from 2008 to 2019. **** RESUMEN: En Colombia, el 50% de los ingresos laborales son más bajos que el salario mínimo (SM). En este contexto, analizamos el efecto del aumento del SM relativo al ingreso mediano sobre la distribución del ingreso laboral y su desigualdad, la distribución del ingreso de los hogares y su desigualdad, y sobre la prevalencia de pobreza monetaria. Específicamente, estudiamos los cuantiles incondicionales para establecer si existen efectos diferenciales para los cuantiles bajos, para los más cercanos al SM y para los cuantiles superiores. Realizamos este análisis para diferentes grupos ocupacionales. También evaluamos los efectos de incrementos en el SM relativo al mediano sobre la desigualdad de ingresos, medida por su coeficiente de Gini, y sobre la prevalencia de pobreza monetaria. Encontramos que los aumentos en el SM relativo incrementan el valor de los cuantiles de la distribución de los ingresos laborales para la mayoría de los grupos ocupacionales, excepto para el cuantil 10 de esas distribuciones. Para este cuantil, los efectos son en su mayoría no estadísticamente significativos. Con respecto al ingreso per cápita de los hogares, encontramos que el aumento del SM relativo incrementa todos los cuantiles de la distribución de estos ingresos, excepto el 10% más bajo. El efecto para el cuantil 10 es negativo. En concordancia con estos resultados, encontramos que incrementos del SM cuando éste es alto relativo al ingreso mediano incrementa la desigualdad medida por el coeficiente de Gini, así como la prevalencia de pobreza monetaria. Para nuestro análisis, utilizamos regresiones cuantílicas incondicionales. Usamos los microdatos de una muestra agrupada de encuestas de hogares en Colombia de 2008 a 2019.

Suggested Citation

  • Francisco Lasso-Valderrama & Carmiña O. Vargas, 2024. "Distribution, Inequality and Poverty in Colombia: An Assessment of the Contribution of the Minimum Wage," Borradores de Economia 1279, Banco de la Republica de Colombia.
  • Handle: RePEc:bdr:borrec:1279
    DOI: 10.32468/be.1279
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    minimum wage; wage inequality; income inequality; poverty; salario mínimo; desigualdad salarial; desigualdad de ingresos; pobreza;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • J39 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Wages, Compensation, and Labor Costs - - - Other
    • J31 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Wages, Compensation, and Labor Costs - - - Wage Level and Structure; Wage Differentials
    • C31 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Multiple or Simultaneous Equation Models; Multiple Variables - - - Cross-Sectional Models; Spatial Models; Treatment Effect Models; Quantile Regressions; Social Interaction Models

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