IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/p/arx/papers/2409.13516.html
   My bibliography  Save this paper

Dynamic tail risk forecasting: what do realized skewness and kurtosis add?

Author

Listed:
  • Giampiero Gallo
  • Ostap Okhrin
  • Giuseppe Storti

Abstract

This paper compares the accuracy of tail risk forecasts with a focus on including realized skewness and kurtosis in "additive" and "multiplicative" models. Utilizing a panel of 960 US stocks, we conduct diagnostic tests, employ scoring functions, and implement rolling window forecasting to evaluate the performance of Value at Risk (VaR) and Expected Shortfall (ES) forecasts. Additionally, we examine the impact of the window length on forecast accuracy. We propose model specifications that incorporate realized skewness and kurtosis for enhanced precision. Our findings provide insights into the importance of considering skewness and kurtosis in tail risk modeling, contributing to the existing literature and offering practical implications for risk practitioners and researchers.

Suggested Citation

  • Giampiero Gallo & Ostap Okhrin & Giuseppe Storti, 2024. "Dynamic tail risk forecasting: what do realized skewness and kurtosis add?," Papers 2409.13516, arXiv.org.
  • Handle: RePEc:arx:papers:2409.13516
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://arxiv.org/pdf/2409.13516
    File Function: Latest version
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    Other versions of this item:

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Andersen T. G & Bollerslev T. & Diebold F. X & Labys P., 2001. "The Distribution of Realized Exchange Rate Volatility," Journal of the American Statistical Association, American Statistical Association, vol. 96, pages 42-55, March.
    2. Andersen, Torben G. & Dobrev, Dobrislav & Schaumburg, Ernst, 2012. "Jump-robust volatility estimation using nearest neighbor truncation," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 169(1), pages 75-93.
    3. Tim Bollerslev & Jia Li & Andrew J. Patton & Rogier Quaedvlieg, 2020. "Realized Semicovariances," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 88(4), pages 1515-1551, July.
    4. Xiao, Zhijie & Koenker, Roger, 2009. "Conditional Quantile Estimation for Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscedasticity Models," Journal of the American Statistical Association, American Statistical Association, vol. 104(488), pages 1696-1712.
    5. Diebold, Francis X & Mariano, Roberto S, 2002. "Comparing Predictive Accuracy," Journal of Business & Economic Statistics, American Statistical Association, vol. 20(1), pages 134-144, January.
    6. Philippe Artzner & Freddy Delbaen & Jean‐Marc Eber & David Heath, 1999. "Coherent Measures of Risk," Mathematical Finance, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 9(3), pages 203-228, July.
    7. Patton, Andrew J. & Ziegel, Johanna F. & Chen, Rui, 2019. "Dynamic semiparametric models for expected shortfall (and Value-at-Risk)," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 211(2), pages 388-413.
    8. Ole E. Barndorff-Nielsen & Silja Kinnebrock & Neil Shephard, 2008. "Measuring downside risk-realised semivariance," Economics Papers 2008-W02, Economics Group, Nuffield College, University of Oxford.
    9. Heston, Steven L, 1993. "A Closed-Form Solution for Options with Stochastic Volatility with Applications to Bond and Currency Options," The Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 6(2), pages 327-343.
    10. Engle, Robert F & Manganelli, Simone, 1999. "CAViaR: Conditional Autoregressive Value at Risk by Regression Quantiles," University of California at San Diego, Economics Working Paper Series qt06m3d6nv, Department of Economics, UC San Diego.
    11. Amaya, Diego & Christoffersen, Peter & Jacobs, Kris & Vasquez, Aurelio, 2015. "Does realized skewness predict the cross-section of equity returns?," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 118(1), pages 135-167.
    12. Chao Wang & Richard Gerlach & Qian Chen, 2023. "A semi-parametric conditional autoregressive joint value-at-risk and expected shortfall modeling framework incorporating realized measures," Quantitative Finance, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 23(2), pages 309-334, February.
    13. Andersen, Torben G & Bollerslev, Tim, 1998. "Answering the Skeptics: Yes, Standard Volatility Models Do Provide Accurate Forecasts," International Economic Review, Department of Economics, University of Pennsylvania and Osaka University Institute of Social and Economic Research Association, vol. 39(4), pages 885-905, November.
    14. Taylor, James W., 2020. "Forecast combinations for value at risk and expected shortfall," International Journal of Forecasting, Elsevier, vol. 36(2), pages 428-441.
    15. Robert F. Engle & Simone Manganelli, 2004. "CAViaR: Conditional Autoregressive Value at Risk by Regression Quantiles," Journal of Business & Economic Statistics, American Statistical Association, vol. 22, pages 367-381, October.
    16. Geon Ho Choe & Kyungsub Lee, 2014. "High Moment Variations and Their Application," Journal of Futures Markets, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 34(11), pages 1040-1061, November.
    17. Drew Creal & Siem Jan Koopman & André Lucas, 2013. "Generalized Autoregressive Score Models With Applications," Journal of Applied Econometrics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 28(5), pages 777-795, August.
    18. Neil Shephard & Silja Kinnebrock & Ole E. Barndorff-Neilsen, 2008. "Measuring downside risk - realised semivariance," Economics Series Working Papers 382, University of Oxford, Department of Economics.
    19. Tobias Fissler & Johanna F. Ziegel & Tilmann Gneiting, 2015. "Expected Shortfall is jointly elicitable with Value at Risk - Implications for backtesting," Papers 1507.00244, arXiv.org, revised Jul 2015.
    20. James W. Taylor, 2019. "Forecasting Value at Risk and Expected Shortfall Using a Semiparametric Approach Based on the Asymmetric Laplace Distribution," Journal of Business & Economic Statistics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 37(1), pages 121-133, January.
    21. Tobias Fissler & Johanna F. Ziegel, 2015. "Higher order elicitability and Osband's principle," Papers 1503.08123, arXiv.org, revised Sep 2015.
    22. Kwangil Bae & Soonhee Lee, 2021. "Realized higher-order comoments," Quantitative Finance, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 21(3), pages 421-429, March.
    23. Anthony Neuberger & Richard Payne & Stijn Van Nieuwerburgh, 2021. "The Skewness of the Stock Market over Long Horizons [Does realized skewness predict the cross-section of equity returns?]," The Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 34(3), pages 1572-1616.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Dimitriadis, Timo & Schnaitmann, Julie, 2021. "Forecast encompassing tests for the expected shortfall," International Journal of Forecasting, Elsevier, vol. 37(2), pages 604-621.
    2. Gerlach, Richard & Wang, Chao, 2020. "Semi-parametric dynamic asymmetric Laplace models for tail risk forecasting, incorporating realized measures," International Journal of Forecasting, Elsevier, vol. 36(2), pages 489-506.
    3. Timo Dimitriadis & Xiaochun Liu & Julie Schnaitmann, 2020. "Encompassing Tests for Value at Risk and Expected Shortfall Multi-Step Forecasts based on Inference on the Boundary," Papers 2009.07341, arXiv.org.
    4. Giuseppe Storti & Chao Wang, 2023. "Modeling uncertainty in financial tail risk: A forecast combination and weighted quantile approach," Journal of Forecasting, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 42(7), pages 1648-1663, November.
    5. Chen, Cathy W.S. & Hsu, Hsiao-Yun & Watanabe, Toshiaki, 2023. "Tail risk forecasting of realized volatility CAViaR models," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 51(C).
    6. Storti, Giuseppe & Wang, Chao, 2022. "Nonparametric expected shortfall forecasting incorporating weighted quantiles," International Journal of Forecasting, Elsevier, vol. 38(1), pages 224-239.
    7. Arturo Leccadito & Alessandro Staino & Pietro Toscano, 2024. "A novel robust method for estimating the covariance matrix of financial returns with applications to risk management," Financial Innovation, Springer;Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, vol. 10(1), pages 1-28, December.
    8. David Happersberger & Harald Lohre & Ingmar Nolte, 2020. "Estimating portfolio risk for tail risk protection strategies," European Financial Management, European Financial Management Association, vol. 26(4), pages 1107-1146, September.
    9. Federico Gatta & Fabrizio Lillo & Piero Mazzarisi, 2024. "CAESar: Conditional Autoregressive Expected Shortfall," Papers 2407.06619, arXiv.org.
    10. d’Addona, Stefano & Khanom, Najrin, 2022. "Estimating tail-risk using semiparametric conditional variance with an application to meme stocks," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 82(C), pages 241-260.
    11. Merlo, Luca & Petrella, Lea & Raponi, Valentina, 2021. "Forecasting VaR and ES using a joint quantile regression and its implications in portfolio allocation," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 133(C).
    12. Lazar, Emese & Xue, Xiaohan, 2020. "Forecasting risk measures using intraday data in a generalized autoregressive score framework," International Journal of Forecasting, Elsevier, vol. 36(3), pages 1057-1072.
    13. Giuseppe Storti & Chao Wang, 2021. "Modelling uncertainty in financial tail risk: a forecast combination and weighted quantile approach," Papers 2104.04918, arXiv.org, revised Jul 2021.
    14. Luca Merlo & Lea Petrella & Valentina Raponi, 2021. "Forecasting VaR and ES using a joint quantile regression and implications in portfolio allocation," Papers 2106.06518, arXiv.org.
    15. Santos, Douglas G. & Candido, Osvaldo & Tófoli, Paula V., 2022. "Forecasting risk measures using intraday and overnight information," The North American Journal of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 60(C).
    16. Chao Wang & Richard Gerlach, 2019. "Semi-parametric Realized Nonlinear Conditional Autoregressive Expectile and Expected Shortfall," Papers 1906.09961, arXiv.org.
    17. Bonaccolto, Giovanni & Caporin, Massimiliano & Maillet, Bertrand B., 2022. "Dynamic large financial networks via conditional expected shortfalls," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 298(1), pages 322-336.
    18. Zongwu Cai & Ying Fang & Dingshi Tian, 2024. "CAViaR Model Selection Via Adaptive Lasso," WORKING PAPERS SERIES IN THEORETICAL AND APPLIED ECONOMICS 202403, University of Kansas, Department of Economics, revised Jan 2024.
    19. Hoga, Yannick, 2021. "The uncertainty in extreme risk forecasts from covariate-augmented volatility models," International Journal of Forecasting, Elsevier, vol. 37(2), pages 675-686.
    20. Alessandra Amendola & Vincenzo Candila & Antonio Naimoli & Giuseppe Storti, 2024. "Adaptive combinations of tail-risk forecasts," Papers 2406.06235, arXiv.org.

    More about this item

    NEP fields

    This paper has been announced in the following NEP Reports:

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:arx:papers:2409.13516. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: arXiv administrators (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://arxiv.org/ .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.