IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/p/arx/papers/2305.09166.html
   My bibliography  Save this paper

Finite Difference Solution Ansatz approach in Least-Squares Monte Carlo

Author

Listed:
  • Jiawei Huo

Abstract

This article presents a simple but effective and efficient approach to improve the accuracy and stability of Least-Squares Monte Carlo for American-style option pricing as well as expected exposure calculation in valuation adjustments. The key idea is to construct the ansatz of conditional expected continuation payoff using the finite difference solution from one dimension, to be used in linear regression. This approach bridges between solving backward partial differential equations and Monte Carlo simulation, aiming at achieving the best of both worlds. Independent of model settings, the ansatz is proved to serve as a control variate to reduce the least-squares errors. We illustrate the technique with realistic examples including Bermudan options, worst of issuer callable notes and expected positive exposure on European options. The method can be considered as a generic numerical scheme across various asset classes, in particular, as an accurate method for pricing and risk-managing American-style derivatives under arbitrary dimensions.

Suggested Citation

  • Jiawei Huo, 2023. "Finite Difference Solution Ansatz approach in Least-Squares Monte Carlo," Papers 2305.09166, arXiv.org, revised Aug 2024.
    • Handle: RePEc:arx:papers:2305.09166
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://arxiv.org/pdf/2305.09166
    File Function: Latest version
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Masaaki Fujii & Akihiko Takahashi & Masayuki Takahashi, 2017. "Asymptotic Expansion as Prior Knowledge in Deep Learning Method for high dimensional BSDEs," Papers 1710.07030, arXiv.org, revised Mar 2019.
    2. Haojie Wang & Han Chen & Agus Sudjianto & Richard Liu & Qi Shen, 2018. "Deep Learning-Based BSDE Solver for Libor Market Model with Application to Bermudan Swaption Pricing and Hedging," Papers 1807.06622, arXiv.org, revised Sep 2018.
    3. Longstaff, Francis A & Schwartz, Eduardo S, 2001. "Valuing American Options by Simulation: A Simple Least-Squares Approach," University of California at Los Angeles, Anderson Graduate School of Management qt43n1k4jb, Anderson Graduate School of Management, UCLA.
    4. Lars Stentoft, 2004. "Assessing the Least Squares Monte-Carlo Approach to American Option Valuation," Review of Derivatives Research, Springer, vol. 7(2), pages 129-168, August.
    5. Longstaff, Francis A & Schwartz, Eduardo S, 2001. "Valuing American Options by Simulation: A Simple Least-Squares Approach," The Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 14(1), pages 113-147.
    6. Jian Liang & Zhe Xu & Peter Li, 2019. "Deep Learning-Based Least Square Forward-Backward Stochastic Differential Equation Solver for High-Dimensional Derivative Pricing," Papers 1907.10578, arXiv.org, revised Oct 2020.
    7. Masaaki Fujii & Akihiko Takahashi & Masayuki Takahashi, 2019. "Asymptotic Expansion as Prior Knowledge in Deep Learning Method for High dimensional BSDEs," Asia-Pacific Financial Markets, Springer;Japanese Association of Financial Economics and Engineering, vol. 26(3), pages 391-408, September.
    8. Manuel Moreno & Javier Navas, 2003. "On the Robustness of Least-Squares Monte Carlo (LSM) for Pricing American Derivatives," Review of Derivatives Research, Springer, vol. 6(2), pages 107-128, May.
    9. Jan De Spiegeleer & Dilip B. Madan & Sofie Reyners & Wim Schoutens, 2018. "Machine learning for quantitative finance: fast derivative pricing, hedging and fitting," Quantitative Finance, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 18(10), pages 1635-1643, October.
    10. Barraquand, Jérôme & Martineau, Didier, 1995. "Numerical Valuation of High Dimensional Multivariate American Securities," Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, Cambridge University Press, vol. 30(3), pages 383-405, September.
    11. Jèôme Barraquand, 1995. "Numerical Valuation of High Dimensional Multivariate European Securities," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 41(12), pages 1882-1891, December.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Berridge, S.J. & Schumacher, J.M., 2002. "An Irregular Grid Approach for Pricing High Dimensional American Options," Discussion Paper 2002-99, Tilburg University, Center for Economic Research.
    2. Lars Stentoft, 2013. "American option pricing using simulation with an application to the GARCH model," Chapters, in: Adrian R. Bell & Chris Brooks & Marcel Prokopczuk (ed.), Handbook of Research Methods and Applications in Empirical Finance, chapter 5, pages 114-147, Edward Elgar Publishing.
    3. Zhu, Lei & Zhang, ZhongXiang & Fan, Ying, 2015. "Overseas oil investment projects under uncertainty: How to make informed decisions?," Journal of Policy Modeling, Elsevier, vol. 37(5), pages 742-762.
    4. Sebastian Becker & Patrick Cheridito & Arnulf Jentzen & Timo Welti, 2019. "Solving high-dimensional optimal stopping problems using deep learning," Papers 1908.01602, arXiv.org, revised Aug 2021.
    5. Jian Liang & Zhe Xu & Peter Li, 2019. "Deep Learning-Based Least Square Forward-Backward Stochastic Differential Equation Solver for High-Dimensional Derivative Pricing," Papers 1907.10578, arXiv.org, revised Oct 2020.
    6. Lars Stentoft, 2004. "Convergence of the Least Squares Monte Carlo Approach to American Option Valuation," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 50(9), pages 1193-1203, September.
    7. Rombouts, Jeroen V.K. & Stentoft, Lars, 2011. "Multivariate option pricing with time varying volatility and correlations," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 35(9), pages 2267-2281, September.
    8. Ravi Kashyap, 2016. "Options as Silver Bullets: Valuation of Term Loans, Inventory Management, Emissions Trading and Insurance Risk Mitigation using Option Theory," Papers 1609.01274, arXiv.org, revised Mar 2022.
    9. Wei, Wei & Zhu, Dan, 2022. "Generic improvements to least squares monte carlo methods with applications to optimal stopping problems," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 298(3), pages 1132-1144.
    10. Chen Liu & Henry Schellhorn & Qidi Peng, 2019. "American Option Pricing With Regression: Convergence Analysis," International Journal of Theoretical and Applied Finance (IJTAF), World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., vol. 22(08), pages 1-31, December.
    11. Jin, Xing & Yang, Cheng-Yu, 2016. "Efficient estimation of lower and upper bounds for pricing higher-dimensional American arithmetic average options by approximating their payoff functions," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 44(C), pages 65-77.
    12. Ravi Kashyap, 2022. "Options as Silver Bullets: Valuation of Term Loans, Inventory Management, Emissions Trading and Insurance Risk Mitigation using Option Theory," Annals of Operations Research, Springer, vol. 315(2), pages 1175-1215, August.
    13. R. Mark Reesor & T. James Marshall, 2020. "Forest of Stochastic Trees: A Method for Valuing Multiple Exercise Options," JRFM, MDPI, vol. 13(5), pages 1-31, May.
    14. Stentoft, Lars, 2005. "Pricing American options when the underlying asset follows GARCH processes," Journal of Empirical Finance, Elsevier, vol. 12(4), pages 576-611, September.
    15. O. Samimi & Z. Mardani & S. Sharafpour & F. Mehrdoust, 2017. "LSM Algorithm for Pricing American Option Under Heston–Hull–White’s Stochastic Volatility Model," Computational Economics, Springer;Society for Computational Economics, vol. 50(2), pages 173-187, August.
    16. Hainaut, Donatien & Akbaraly, Adnane, 2023. "Risk management with Local Least Squares Monte-Carlo," LIDAM Discussion Papers ISBA 2023003, Université catholique de Louvain, Institute of Statistics, Biostatistics and Actuarial Sciences (ISBA).
    17. Alessandro Gnoatto & Athena Picarelli & Christoph Reisinger, 2020. "Deep xVA solver -- A neural network based counterparty credit risk management framework," Papers 2005.02633, arXiv.org, revised Dec 2022.
    18. Calypso Herrera & Florian Krach & Pierre Ruyssen & Josef Teichmann, 2021. "Optimal Stopping via Randomized Neural Networks," Papers 2104.13669, arXiv.org, revised Dec 2023.
    19. Anne Laure Bronstein & Gilles Pagès & Jacques Portès, 2013. "Multi-asset American Options and Parallel Quantization," Methodology and Computing in Applied Probability, Springer, vol. 15(3), pages 547-561, September.
    20. Andrea Gamba & Nicola Fusari, 2009. "Valuing Modularity as a Real Option," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 55(11), pages 1877-1896, November.

    More about this item

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:arx:papers:2305.09166. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: arXiv administrators (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://arxiv.org/ .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.