IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/p/arx/papers/2106.06364.html
   My bibliography  Save this paper

Generative Adversarial Networks in finance: an overview

Author

Listed:
  • Florian Eckerli
  • Joerg Osterrieder

Abstract

Modelling in finance is a challenging task: the data often has complex statistical properties and its inner workings are largely unknown. Deep learning algorithms are making progress in the field of data-driven modelling, but the lack of sufficient data to train these models is currently holding back several new applications. Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) are a neural network architecture family that has achieved good results in image generation and is being successfully applied to generate time series and other types of financial data. The purpose of this study is to present an overview of how these GANs work, their capabilities and limitations in the current state of research with financial data, and present some practical applications in the industry. As a proof of concept, three known GAN architectures were tested on financial time series, and the generated data was evaluated on its statistical properties, yielding solid results. Finally, it was shown that GANs have made considerable progress in their finance applications and can be a solid additional tool for data scientists in this field.

Suggested Citation

  • Florian Eckerli & Joerg Osterrieder, 2021. "Generative Adversarial Networks in finance: an overview," Papers 2106.06364, arXiv.org, revised Jul 2021.
    • Handle: RePEc:arx:papers:2106.06364
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://arxiv.org/pdf/2106.06364
    File Function: Latest version
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Adriano Koshiyama & Nick Firoozye & Philip Treleaven, 2021. "Generative adversarial networks for financial trading strategies fine-tuning and combination," Quantitative Finance, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 21(5), pages 797-813, May.
    2. Takahashi, Shuntaro & Chen, Yu & Tanaka-Ishii, Kumiko, 2019. "Modeling financial time-series with generative adversarial networks," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 527(C).
    3. Giovanni Mariani & Yada Zhu & Jianbo Li & Florian Scheidegger & Roxana Istrate & Costas Bekas & A. Cristiano I. Malossi, 2019. "PAGAN: Portfolio Analysis with Generative Adversarial Networks," Papers 1909.10578, arXiv.org.
    4. R. Cont, 2001. "Empirical properties of asset returns: stylized facts and statistical issues," Quantitative Finance, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 1(2), pages 223-236.
    5. Dmitry Efimov & Di Xu & Luyang Kong & Alexey Nefedov & Archana Anandakrishnan, 2020. "Using generative adversarial networks to synthesize artificial financial datasets," Papers 2002.02271, arXiv.org.
    6. Zhaohui Zhang & Lijun Yang & Ligong Chen & Qiuwen Liu & Ying Meng & Pengwei Wang & Maozhen Li, 2020. "A generative adversarial network–based method for generating negative financial samples," International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks, , vol. 16(2), pages 15501477209, February.
    7. Christopher B. Barrett, 1996. "Market Analysis Methods: Are Our Enriched Toolkits Well Suited to Enlivened Markets?," American Journal of Agricultural Economics, Agricultural and Applied Economics Association, vol. 78(3), pages 825-829.
    8. Pratyush Muthukumar & Jie Zhong, 2021. "A Stochastic Time Series Model for Predicting Financial Trends using NLP," Papers 2102.01290, arXiv.org.
    9. Magnus Wiese & Robert Knobloch & Ralf Korn & Peter Kretschmer, 2019. "Quant GANs: Deep Generation of Financial Time Series," Papers 1907.06673, arXiv.org, revised Dec 2019.
    10. Yerin Kim & Daemook Kang & Mingoo Jeon & Chungmok Lee, 2019. "GAN-MP hybrid heuristic algorithm for non-convex portfolio optimization problem," The Engineering Economist, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 64(3), pages 196-226, July.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Jos'e-Manuel Pe~na & Fernando Su'arez & Omar Larr'e & Domingo Ram'irez & Arturo Cifuentes, 2023. "A Modified CTGAN-Plus-Features Based Method for Optimal Asset Allocation," Papers 2302.02269, arXiv.org, revised May 2024.
    2. Emiel Lemahieu & Kris Boudt & Maarten Wyns, 2023. "Generating drawdown-realistic financial price paths using path signatures," Papers 2309.04507, arXiv.org.
    3. Carl Remlinger & Joseph Mikael & Romuald Elie, 2022. "Robust Operator Learning to Solve PDE," Working Papers hal-03599726, HAL.
    4. Solveig Flaig & Gero Junike, 2021. "Scenario generation for market risk models using generative neural networks," Papers 2109.10072, arXiv.org, revised Aug 2023.
    5. Ajay Bandi & Pydi Venkata Satya Ramesh Adapa & Yudu Eswar Vinay Pratap Kumar Kuchi, 2023. "The Power of Generative AI: A Review of Requirements, Models, Input–Output Formats, Evaluation Metrics, and Challenges," Future Internet, MDPI, vol. 15(8), pages 1-60, July.
    6. Jun Lu & Shao Yi, 2022. "Autoencoding Conditional GAN for Portfolio Allocation Diversification," Applied Economics and Finance, Redfame publishing, vol. 9(3), pages 55-68, August.
    7. Jun Lu & Danny Ding, 2022. "A Hybrid Approach on Conditional GAN for Portfolio Analysis," Papers 2208.07159, arXiv.org.
    8. Rudy Morel & Gaspar Rochette & Roberto Leonarduzzi & Jean-Philippe Bouchaud & St'ephane Mallat, 2022. "Scale Dependencies and Self-Similar Models with Wavelet Scattering Spectra," Papers 2204.10177, arXiv.org, revised Jun 2023.
    9. Jun Lu & Shao Yi, 2022. "Autoencoding Conditional GAN for Portfolio Allocation Diversification," Papers 2207.05701, arXiv.org.
    10. Solveig Flaig & Gero Junike, 2022. "Scenario Generation for Market Risk Models Using Generative Neural Networks," Risks, MDPI, vol. 10(11), pages 1-28, October.
    11. Tomonori Takahashi & Takayuki Mizuno, 2024. "Generation of synthetic financial time series by diffusion models," Papers 2410.18897, arXiv.org.
    12. Nicolas Boursin & Carl Remlinger & Joseph Mikael & Carol Anne Hargreaves, 2022. "Deep Generators on Commodity Markets; application to Deep Hedging," Papers 2205.13942, arXiv.org.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Hans Buhler & Blanka Horvath & Terry Lyons & Imanol Perez Arribas & Ben Wood, 2020. "A Data-driven Market Simulator for Small Data Environments," Papers 2006.14498, arXiv.org.
    2. Rizzato, Matteo & Wallart, Julien & Geissler, Christophe & Morizet, Nicolas & Boumlaik, Noureddine, 2023. "Generative Adversarial Networks applied to synthetic financial scenarios generation," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 623(C).
    3. Matteo Rizzato & Julien Wallart & Christophe Geissler & Nicolas Morizet & Noureddine Boumlaik, 2022. "Generative Adversarial Networks Applied to Synthetic Financial Scenarios Generation," Papers 2209.03935, arXiv.org, revised May 2024.
    4. Edmond Lezmi & Jules Roche & Thierry Roncalli & Jiali Xu, 2020. "Improving the Robustness of Trading Strategy Backtesting with Boltzmann Machines and Generative Adversarial Networks," Papers 2007.04838, arXiv.org.
    5. Magnus Wiese & Robert Knobloch & Ralf Korn & Peter Kretschmer, 2019. "Quant GANs: Deep Generation of Financial Time Series," Papers 1907.06673, arXiv.org, revised Dec 2019.
    6. Jun Lu & Shao Yi, 2022. "Autoencoding Conditional GAN for Portfolio Allocation Diversification," Papers 2207.05701, arXiv.org.
    7. Magnus Wiese & Lianjun Bai & Ben Wood & Hans Buehler, 2019. "Deep Hedging: Learning to Simulate Equity Option Markets," Papers 1911.01700, arXiv.org.
    8. Samuel N. Cohen & Derek Snow & Lukasz Szpruch, 2021. "Black-box model risk in finance," Papers 2102.04757, arXiv.org.
    9. Xiaoyu Tan & Zili Zhang & Xuejun Zhao & Shuyi Wang, 2022. "DeepPricing: pricing convertible bonds based on financial time-series generative adversarial networks," Financial Innovation, Springer;Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, vol. 8(1), pages 1-38, December.
    10. Andrea Coletta & Matteo Prata & Michele Conti & Emanuele Mercanti & Novella Bartolini & Aymeric Moulin & Svitlana Vyetrenko & Tucker Balch, 2021. "Towards Realistic Market Simulations: a Generative Adversarial Networks Approach," Papers 2110.13287, arXiv.org.
    11. repec:hal:wpaper:hal-03716692 is not listed on IDEAS
    12. Jun Lu & Shao Yi, 2022. "Autoencoding Conditional GAN for Portfolio Allocation Diversification," Applied Economics and Finance, Redfame publishing, vol. 9(3), pages 55-68, August.
    13. Junyi Li & Xitong Wang & Yaoyang Lin & Arunesh Sinha & Micheal P. Wellman, 2020. "Generating Realistic Stock Market Order Streams," Papers 2006.04212, arXiv.org.
    14. Andrea Di Iura & Giulia Terenzi, 2022. "A Bayesian analysis of gain-loss asymmetry," SN Business & Economics, Springer, vol. 2(5), pages 1-23, May.
    15. Francesca Biagini & Lukas Gonon & Niklas Walter, 2024. "Universal randomised signatures for generative time series modelling," Papers 2406.10214, arXiv.org, revised Sep 2024.
    16. Weilong Fu & Ali Hirsa & Jorg Osterrieder, 2022. "Simulating financial time series using attention," Papers 2207.00493, arXiv.org.
    17. Andrea Giuseppe Di Iura & Giulia Terenzi, 2021. "A Bayesian analysis of gain-loss asymmetry," Papers 2104.06044, arXiv.org.
    18. Chung I Lu & Julian Sester, 2024. "Generative model for financial time series trained with MMD using a signature kernel," Papers 2407.19848, arXiv.org, revised Dec 2024.
    19. Sohyeon Kwon & Yongjae Lee, 2024. "Can GANs Learn the Stylized Facts of Financial Time Series?," Papers 2410.09850, arXiv.org.
    20. Carvajal-Patiño, Daniel & Ramos-Pollán, Raul, 2022. "Synthetic data generation with deep generative models to enhance predictive tasks in trading strategies," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 62(C).
    21. Emiel Lemahieu & Kris Boudt & Maarten Wyns, 2023. "Generating drawdown-realistic financial price paths using path signatures," Papers 2309.04507, arXiv.org.

    More about this item

    NEP fields

    This paper has been announced in the following NEP Reports:

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:arx:papers:2106.06364. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: arXiv administrators (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://arxiv.org/ .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.