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Distributional Effects of CAP Subsidies: Micro Evidence from the EU

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  • Michalek, Jerzy
  • Ciaian, Pavel
  • Kancs, d'Artis
  • Gomez y Paloma, Sergio

Abstract

In this paper we estimate the income distributional effects of the common agricultural policy (CAP) for farmers and landowners. First, we theoretically analyse the level of farmers' and landowners' gains from coupled and decoupled payments. Second, using a unique farm level panel data set from the FADN for the period 1995-2007 we employ the fixed effects, the Heckman selection bias and the GMM estimators to estimate income distributional effects of CAP subsidies. The results do not confirm the theoretical hypothesis that landowners benefit a large share of the CAP subsidies. According to our estimates, farmers gain between 60% to 95%, 80% to 178% and 86% to 90% of the total value of coupled crop/animal, coupled RDP and decupled payments, respectively. The CAP subsidies are only marginally capitalised in land rents. Our results suggest that rental rates are more responsive to structural variables and show a strong time dependency, suggesting the presence of rigidities in the EU rental markets, which constraint the adjustment of land rents to market signals and thus reduce landowners' gains from the CAP.

Suggested Citation

  • Michalek, Jerzy & Ciaian, Pavel & Kancs, d'Artis & Gomez y Paloma, Sergio, 2011. "Distributional Effects of CAP Subsidies: Micro Evidence from the EU," 2011 Annual Meeting, July 24-26, 2011, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 102978, Agricultural and Applied Economics Association.
    • Handle: RePEc:ags:aaea11:102978
    DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.102978
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    Cited by:

    1. Van Herck, Kristine & Vranken, Liesbet, 2012. "Direct Payments and Land Rents: Evidence from New Member States," 2012 Conference, August 18-24, 2012, Foz do Iguacu, Brazil 126777, International Association of Agricultural Economists.
    2. Ciaian, Pavel, & Kancs, d’Artis & Swinnen, Jo & Van Herck, Kristine & Vranken, Liesbet, 2012. "Rental Market Regulations for Agricultural Land in EU Member States and Candidate Countries," Factor Markets Working Papers 117, Centre for European Policy Studies.
    3. Olper, Alessandro & Raimondi, Valentina & Cavicchioli, Daniele & Vigani, Mauro, 2011. "Does Common Agricultural Policy Reduce Farm Labour Migration? A Panel Data Analysis Across EU Regions," 2011 International Congress, August 30-September 2, 2011, Zurich, Switzerland 114597, European Association of Agricultural Economists.
    4. Marten Graubner, 2018. "Lost in space? The effect of direct payments on land rental prices," European Review of Agricultural Economics, Oxford University Press and the European Agricultural and Applied Economics Publications Foundation, vol. 45(2), pages 143-171.
    5. Olper, Alessandro & Raimondi, Valentina & Cavicchioli, Daniele & Vigani, Mauro, "undated". "Reallocation of Agricultural Labor and Farm Subsidies: Evidence From the EU Regions," 2012 Conference, August 18-24, 2012, Foz do Iguacu, Brazil 126645, International Association of Agricultural Economists.
    6. Andrejovská, A. & Buleca, J. & Hudákova, M., 2016. "Categorization of the EU Countries in the Context of Agricultural Production," AGRIS on-line Papers in Economics and Informatics, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Faculty of Economics and Management, vol. 8(4), pages 1-12, December.
    7. Pavel Ciaian & d'Artis Kancs & Dusan Drabik, 2016. "Land Markets in Europe: Institutions and Market Outcomes," EERI Research Paper Series EERI RP 2016/10, Economics and Econometrics Research Institute (EERI), Brussels.
    8. Ivana Kravčáková Vozárová & Rastislav Kotulič & Roman Vavrek, 2020. "Assessing Impacts of CAP Subsidies on Financial Performance of Enterprises in Slovak Republic," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(3), pages 1-18, January.
    9. Luigi Biagini & Federico Antonioli & Simone Severini, 2020. "The Role of the Common Agricultural Policy in Enhancing Farm Income: A Dynamic Panel Analysis Accounting for Farm Size in Italy," Journal of Agricultural Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 71(3), pages 652-675, September.
    10. Barbara Wieliczko & Agnieszka Kurdyś-Kujawska & Agnieszka Sompolska-Rzechuła, 2020. "Savings of Small Farms: Their Magnitude, Determinants and Role in Sustainable Development. Example of Poland," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 10(11), pages 1-18, November.
    11. Gecaj, Merita & Shahu, Edmira Ozuni & Imami, Drini & Skreli, Engjell & Jambor, Attila, 2018. "Analysing the impact of subsidies in the Albanian agriculture sector – A comparative approach," 162nd Seminar, April 26-27, 2018, Budapest, Hungary 271964, European Association of Agricultural Economists.
    12. Garrone, Maria & Emmers, Dorien & Olper, Alessandro & Swinnen, Johan, 2019. "Jobs and agricultural policy: Impact of the common agricultural policy on EU agricultural employment," Food Policy, Elsevier, vol. 87(C), pages 1-1.
    13. Van Herck, Kristine & Vranken, Liesbet, 2011. "Direct payments and rent extraction by land owners: Evidence form New Member States," 122nd Seminar, February 17-18, 2011, Ancona, Italy 99583, European Association of Agricultural Economists.
    14. Ciaian, Pavel, & Kancs, d’Artis & Swinnen, Jo & Van Herck, Kristine & Vranken, Liesbet, 2012. "Institutional Factors Affecting Agricultural Land Markets," Factor Markets Working Papers 118, Centre for European Policy Studies.
    15. repec:lic:licosd:40418 is not listed on IDEAS
    16. Kehinde Oluseyi Olagunju & Myles Patton & Siyi Feng, 2020. "Estimating the Impact of Decoupled Payments on Farm Production in Northern Ireland: An Instrumental Variable Fixed Effect Approach," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(8), pages 1-17, April.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Agricultural and Food Policy; Agricultural Finance;

    JEL classification:

    • F12 - International Economics - - Trade - - - Models of Trade with Imperfect Competition and Scale Economies; Fragmentation
    • L11 - Industrial Organization - - Market Structure, Firm Strategy, and Market Performance - - - Production, Pricing, and Market Structure; Size Distribution of Firms
    • Q11 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Agriculture - - - Aggregate Supply and Demand Analysis; Prices
    • Q12 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Agriculture - - - Micro Analysis of Farm Firms, Farm Households, and Farm Input Markets
    • Q15 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Agriculture - - - Land Ownership and Tenure; Land Reform; Land Use; Irrigation; Agriculture and Environment
    • Q18 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Agriculture - - - Agricultural Policy; Food Policy; Animal Welfare Policy
    • P32 - Political Economy and Comparative Economic Systems - - Socialist Institutions and Their Transitions - - - Collectives; Communes; Agricultural Institutions
    • R12 - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics - - General Regional Economics - - - Size and Spatial Distributions of Regional Economic Activity; Interregional Trade (economic geography)
    • R23 - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics - - Household Analysis - - - Regional Migration; Regional Labor Markets; Population

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