Environmental tax reform in developing, emerging and transition economies

This report highlights lessons regarding impacts, costs and acceptance from the implementation of environmental tax reform (ETR) in industrialised countries that are most transferable to the developing country context. The report draws together the experience of the authors in selected developing countries in connection with these lessons learned and relates them to the more general developing country context. At the centre of the report are lessons learned relating to ETR design, taking into account trade-offs that policymakers in developing countries may have to consider between environmental effectiveness, fiscal objectives, private investment, social equity issues, and political considerations to ensure that ETR measures are politically feasible and sustainable.