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Where is the Wealth of Nations? Measuring Capital for the 21st Century

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  • World Bank

Abstract

The book presents estimates of total wealth for nearly 120 countries, using economic theory to decompose the wealth of a nation into its component pieces: produced capital, natural resources and human resources. The wealth estimates aims to provide a unique opportunity to look at economic management from a broader and comprehensive perspective. The book's basic tenet is that economic development can be conceived as a process of portfolio management, so that sustainability becomes an integral part of economic policy making. The rigorous analysis, presented in accessible format, tackles issues such as growth, development and equity. This publication is organized in four sections. The first part introduces the wealth estimates and highlights the main facts on the level and composition of wealth across countries. The second part analyzes changes in wealth and how they matter for economic policy. The third part deals with the level of wealth, its composition and links to growth and inequality. The fourth part reviews existing applications of resource and environmental accounting.

Suggested Citation

  • World Bank, 2005. "Where is the Wealth of Nations? Measuring Capital for the 21st Century," World Bank Publications - Books, The World Bank Group, number 7505.
    • Handle: RePEc:wbk:wbpubs:7505
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    File URL: https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/bitstream/handle/10986/7505/348550REVISED0101Official0use0ONLY1.pdf?sequence=1
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. World Commission on Environment and Development,, 1987. "Our Common Future," OUP Catalogue, Oxford University Press, number 9780192820808.
    2. Martin L. Weitzman, 1976. "On the Welfare Significance of National Product in a Dynamic Economy," The Quarterly Journal of Economics, President and Fellows of Harvard College, vol. 90(1), pages 156-162.
    3. Vincent, Jeffery, 1996. "Resource Depletion And Economic Sustainability In Malaysia," Harvard Institute for International Development (HIID) Papers 294087, Harvard University, Kennedy School of Government.
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    Cited by:

    1. Quamrul H. Ashraf & David N. Weil & Joshua Wilde, 2013. "The Effect of Fertility Reduction on Economic Growth," Population and Development Review, The Population Council, Inc., vol. 39(1), pages 97-130, March.
    2. Olivier Cadot & Jaime de Melo & Patrick Plane & Laurent Wagner & Martha Tesfaye Woldemichael, 2016. "Industrialisation et transformation structurelle : l’Afrique subsaharienne peut-elle se développer sans usines ?," Revue d’économie du développement, De Boeck Université, vol. 24(2), pages 19-49.
    3. Quamrul H. Ashraf & Ashley Lester & David N. Weil, 2009. "When Does Improving Health Raise GDP?," NBER Chapters, in: NBER Macroeconomics Annual 2008, Volume 23, pages 157-204, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    4. Kenneth Kuttner & Adam Posen, 2011. "How Flexible Can Inflation Targeting Be and Still Work?," Department of Economics Working Papers 2011-10, Department of Economics, Williams College, revised Sep 2011.
    5. Onil Banerjee & Martin Cicowiez & Renato Vargas & Mark Horridge, 2019. "The SEEA-Based Integrated Economic-Environmental Modelling Framework: An Illustration with Guatemala’s Forest and Fuelwood Sector," Environmental & Resource Economics, Springer;European Association of Environmental and Resource Economists, vol. 72(2), pages 539-558, February.
    6. Alfsen, Knut H. & Greaker, Mads, 2007. "From natural resources and environmental accounting to construction of indicators for sustainable development," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 61(4), pages 600-610, March.
    7. Combes, Jean-Louis & Delacote, Philippe & Combes Motel, Pascale & Yogo, Thierry Urbain, 2018. "Public spending, credit and natural capital: Does access to capital foster deforestation?," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 73(C), pages 306-316.
    8. Korte, Nina, 2011. "It's Not Only Rents: Explaining the Persistence and Change of Neopatrimonialism in Indonesia," GIGA Working Papers 167, GIGA German Institute of Global and Area Studies.
    9. Koji Tokimatsu & Rintaro Yamaguchi & Masayuki Sato & Rieko Yasuoka & Masahiro Nishio & Kazuhiro Ueta, 2011. "Measuring future dynamics of genuine saving with changes of population and technology: application of an integrated assessment model," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 13(4), pages 703-725, August.
    10. Olivier CADOT & Jaime de MELO & Patrick PLANE & Laurent WAGNER & Martha TESFAYE WOLDEMICHAEL, 2017. "L’Afrique subsaharienne peut-elle se développer sans usines ?," Working Paper 084c8bee-b301-4412-8ca4-c, Agence française de développement.
    11. Quamrul H. Ashraf & David N. Weil & Joshua Wilde, 2011. "The Effect of Interventions to Reduce Fertility on Economic Growth," NBER Working Papers 17377, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    12. Yu, Yun & Lei, Yalin, 2017. "China's provincial exhaustible resources rent and produced capital stock—Based on Hartwick's rule," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 52(C), pages 114-121.
    13. Yacouba Coulibaly, 2023. "Can Resource-backed Loans Mitigate Climate Change ?," Working Papers hal-04072352, HAL.
    14. Boyd, James & Banzhaf, Spencer, 2007. "What are ecosystem services? The need for standardized environmental accounting units," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 63(2-3), pages 616-626, August.
    15. Gundimeda, Haripriya & Sukhdev, Pavan & Sinha, Rajiv K. & Sanyal, Sanjeev, 2007. "Natural resource accounting for Indian states -- Illustrating the case of forest resources," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 61(4), pages 635-649, March.
    16. Banerjee, Onil & Cicowiez, Martin & Vargas, Renato & Obst, Carl & Cala, Javier Rojas & Alvarez-Espinosa, Andrés Camilo & Melo, Sioux & Riveros, Leidy & Romero, Germán & Meneses, Diego Sáenz, 2021. "Gross domestic product alone provides misleading policy guidance for post-conflict land use trajectories in Colombia," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 182(C).
    17. Lee E. Ohanian & Paulina Restrepo-Echavarria & Mark L. J. Wright, 2013. "Bad Investments and Missed Opportunities? Capital Flows to Asia and Latin America, 1950-2007," Working Papers 2014-38, Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis.
    18. Kinda, Harouna & Thiombiano, Noel, 2021. "The effects of extractive industries rent on deforestation in developing countries," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 73(C).
    19. Ganhane, José Jeremias & Stage, Jesper, 2024. "Estimating resource rents for Mozambique," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 94(C).
    20. Wenzel, Tina, 2009. "Beyond GDP - Measuring the Wealth of Nations," MPRA Paper 87288, University Library of Munich, Germany, revised 02 Feb 2009.
    21. R. Tinch & J. Jäger & I. Omann & P. Harrison & Julia Wesely & Rob Dunford, 2015. "Applying a capitals framework to measuring coping and adaptive capacity in integrated assessment models," Climatic Change, Springer, vol. 128(3), pages 323-337, February.
    22. Li, Ping-Cheng & Hsu, Shih-Hsun, 2001. "Resolving Taiwan's Nuclear Power Puzzle: The Economic Impacts of Terminating the Fourth Nuclear Power Plant," Conference papers 330932, Purdue University, Center for Global Trade Analysis, Global Trade Analysis Project.
    23. Dila Asfuroglu & Nuriye Zeynep Ökten & Elif Yolbulan Okan, 2020. "Examining Economic Growth Through Brand Development: A Multinational Analysis," SAGE Open, , vol. 10(2), pages 21582440209, May.
    24. J. Fernando Larios-Meoño & Benoit Mougenot & V. Josué Álvarez-Quiroz, 2021. "Short-Run and Long-Run Effects of Copper Mining on Peru’s Recent Economic Growth," International Advances in Economic Research, Springer;International Atlantic Economic Society, vol. 27(2), pages 131-145, May.

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