IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/wsi/ijtafx/v20y2017i08ns0219024917500510.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Measuring And Monitoring The Efficiency Of Markets

Author

Listed:
  • DILIP B. MADAN

    (Robert H. Smith School of Business, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA)

  • WIM SCHOUTENS

    (Department of Mathematics, K.U. Leuven, Leuven, Belgium)

  • KING WANG

    (Derivative Product Strats, Morgan Stanley, 1585 Broadway, 5th floor, New York, 10036, USA)

Abstract

Market efficiency is measured by arbitrage proximity. The level of efficiency is calibrated by extent of a distortion of probability required to neutralize the drift. Simulations of bilateral gamma models estimated from past returns deliver for each asset on each day an empirical acceptability index. The assets covered include equities, commodities, currencies, volatility and hedge fund returns. It is observed that efficiency in equity is related to the process for up moves having more frequent and smaller jumps than its down side counterpart. For commodities the situation is reversed. Volatility indices trade more efficiently than equities, commodities, or currencies. Hedge fund returns reflect lower levels of efficiency supportive of hedge funds effectively exploiting market inefficiences. The relative inefficiency of the absence of trading is noted on comparing close to open with open to close returns. Small capitalization stocks trade more efficiently than the large ones. Sector exchange traded funds trade more efficiently than the S&P 500 index. Furthermore, economic activity reflected in greater high low spreads enhance market efficiency.

Suggested Citation

  • Dilip B. Madan & Wim Schoutens & King Wang, 2017. "Measuring And Monitoring The Efficiency Of Markets," International Journal of Theoretical and Applied Finance (IJTAF), World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., vol. 20(08), pages 1-32, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:wsi:ijtafx:v:20:y:2017:i:08:n:s0219024917500510
    DOI: 10.1142/S0219024917500510
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.worldscientific.com/doi/abs/10.1142/S0219024917500510
    Download Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1142/S0219024917500510?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Dilip B. Madan & Peter P. Carr & Eric C. Chang, 1998. "The Variance Gamma Process and Option Pricing," Review of Finance, European Finance Association, vol. 2(1), pages 79-105.
    2. Lo, Andrew W. & MacKinlay, A. Craig, 1989. "The size and power of the variance ratio test in finite samples : A Monte Carlo investigation," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 40(2), pages 203-238, February.
    3. Ning Cai & S. G. Kou, 2011. "Option Pricing Under a Mixed-Exponential Jump Diffusion Model," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 57(11), pages 2067-2081, November.
    4. A. Jobert & L. C. G. Rogers, 2008. "Valuations And Dynamic Convex Risk Measures," Mathematical Finance, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 18(1), pages 1-22, January.
    5. Cohen, Samuel N. & Elliott, Robert J., 2010. "A general theory of finite state Backward Stochastic Difference Equations," Stochastic Processes and their Applications, Elsevier, vol. 120(4), pages 442-466, April.
    6. S. G. Kou & Hui Wang, 2004. "Option Pricing Under a Double Exponential Jump Diffusion Model," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 50(9), pages 1178-1192, September.
    7. Dilip B. Madan, 2016. "Benchmarking in two price financial markets," Annals of Finance, Springer, vol. 12(2), pages 201-219, May.
    8. Dilip Madan, 2012. "A two price theory of financial equilibrium with risk management implications," Annals of Finance, Springer, vol. 8(4), pages 489-505, November.
    9. Madan, Dilip B & Seneta, Eugene, 1990. "The Variance Gamma (V.G.) Model for Share Market Returns," The Journal of Business, University of Chicago Press, vol. 63(4), pages 511-524, October.
    10. Fama, Eugene F, 1991. "Efficient Capital Markets: II," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 46(5), pages 1575-1617, December.
    11. Chordia, Tarun & Roll, Richard & Subrahmanyam, Avanidhar, 2008. "Liquidity and market efficiency," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 87(2), pages 249-268, February.
    12. repec:cdl:ucsbec:13-89 is not listed on IDEAS
    13. Jocelyne Bion-Nadal, 2008. "Dynamic risk measures: Time consistency and risk measures from BMO martingales," Finance and Stochastics, Springer, vol. 12(2), pages 219-244, April.
    14. Hogan, Steve & Jarrow, Robert & Teo, Melvyn & Warachka, Mitch, 2004. "Testing market efficiency using statistical arbitrage with applications to momentum and value strategies," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 73(3), pages 525-565, September.
    15. Philippe Artzner & Freddy Delbaen & Jean‐Marc Eber & David Heath, 1999. "Coherent Measures of Risk," Mathematical Finance, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 9(3), pages 203-228, July.
    16. Madan,Dilip & Schoutens,Wim, 2016. "Applied Conic Finance," Cambridge Books, Cambridge University Press, number 9781107151697, November.
    17. LeRoy, Stephen F, 1989. "Efficient Capital Markets and Martingales," Journal of Economic Literature, American Economic Association, vol. 27(4), pages 1583-1621, December.
    18. Ernst Eberlein & Dilip B. Madan, 2012. "Unbounded liabilities, capital reserve requirements and the taxpayer put option," Quantitative Finance, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 12(5), pages 709-724, October.
    19. Madan, Dilip B., 2017. "Efficient estimation of expected stock price returns," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 23(C), pages 31-38.
    20. Peter Carr & Helyette Geman, 2002. "The Fine Structure of Asset Returns: An Empirical Investigation," The Journal of Business, University of Chicago Press, vol. 75(2), pages 305-332, April.
    21. Dilip B. Madan & Alexander Cherny, 2010. "Markets As A Counterparty: An Introduction To Conic Finance," International Journal of Theoretical and Applied Finance (IJTAF), World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., vol. 13(08), pages 1149-1177.
    22. Alexander Cherny & Dilip Madan, 2009. "New Measures for Performance Evaluation," The Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 22(7), pages 2371-2406, July.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Dilip B. Madan & King Wang, 2023. "Measuring Dependence in a Set of Asset Returns," Asia-Pacific Financial Markets, Springer;Japanese Association of Financial Economics and Engineering, vol. 30(2), pages 363-385, June.
    2. Dilip B. Madan & Wim Schoutens, 2019. "Equilibrium Asset Returns In Financial Markets," International Journal of Theoretical and Applied Finance (IJTAF), World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., vol. 22(02), pages 1-43, March.
    3. Dilip B. Madan & Wim Schoutens, 2020. "Self‐similarity in long‐horizon returns," Mathematical Finance, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 30(4), pages 1368-1391, October.
    4. Dilip B. Madan & King Wang, 2023. "The valuation of corporations: a derivative pricing perspective," Annals of Finance, Springer, vol. 19(1), pages 1-21, March.
    5. Dilip B. Madan & Wim Schoutens, 2019. "Arbitrage Free Approximations to Candidate Volatility Surface Quotations," JRFM, MDPI, vol. 12(2), pages 1-21, April.
    6. Dilip B. Madan & Wim Schoutens & King Wang, 2020. "Bilateral multiple gamma returns: Their risks and rewards," International Journal of Financial Engineering (IJFE), World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., vol. 7(01), pages 1-27, March.
    7. Robert J. Elliott & Dilip B. Madan & Tak Kuen Siu, 2021. "Two price economic equilibria and financial market bid/ask prices," Annals of Finance, Springer, vol. 17(1), pages 27-43, March.
    8. Dilip B. Madan & King Wang, 2024. "On the real rate of interest in a closed economy," Annals of Finance, Springer, vol. 20(4), pages 459-477, December.
    9. Dilip B. Madan & King Wang, 2022. "Two sided efficient frontiers at multiple time horizons," Annals of Finance, Springer, vol. 18(3), pages 327-353, September.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Ernst Eberlein & Dilip Madan & Martijn Pistorius & Wim Schoutens & Marc Yor, 2014. "Two price economies in continuous time," Annals of Finance, Springer, vol. 10(1), pages 71-100, February.
    2. Dilip B. Madan & King Wang, 2022. "Two sided efficient frontiers at multiple time horizons," Annals of Finance, Springer, vol. 18(3), pages 327-353, September.
    3. Dilip Madan, 2015. "Asset pricing theory for two price economies," Annals of Finance, Springer, vol. 11(1), pages 1-35, February.
    4. Dilip B. Madan & Martijn Pistorius & Wim Schoutens, 2017. "Conic Trading In A Markovian Steady State," International Journal of Theoretical and Applied Finance (IJTAF), World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., vol. 20(02), pages 1-22, March.
    5. Dilip B. Madan, 2016. "Conic Portfolio Theory," International Journal of Theoretical and Applied Finance (IJTAF), World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., vol. 19(03), pages 1-42, May.
    6. Lucio Fiorin & Wim Schoutens, 2020. "Conic quantization: stochastic volatility and market implied liquidity," Quantitative Finance, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 20(4), pages 531-542, April.
    7. Dilip B. Madan, 2010. "Conserving Capital by Adjusting Deltas for Gamma in the Presence of Skewness," JRFM, MDPI, vol. 3(1), pages 1-25, December.
    8. Dilip B. Madan & Wim Schoutens, 2019. "Conic asset pricing and the costs of price fluctuations," Annals of Finance, Springer, vol. 15(1), pages 29-58, March.
    9. Buckley, Winston & Long, Hongwei & Marshall, Mario, 2016. "Numerical approximations of optimal portfolios in mispriced asymmetric Lévy markets," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 252(2), pages 676-686.
    10. Markus Leippold & Nikola Vasiljević, 2020. "Option-Implied Intrahorizon Value at Risk," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 66(1), pages 397-414, January.
    11. Dilip B. Madan & King Wang, 2023. "Measuring Dependence in a Set of Asset Returns," Asia-Pacific Financial Markets, Springer;Japanese Association of Financial Economics and Engineering, vol. 30(2), pages 363-385, June.
    12. Florence Guillaume & Gero Junike & Peter Leoni & Wim Schoutens, 2019. "Implied liquidity risk premia in option markets," Annals of Finance, Springer, vol. 15(2), pages 233-246, June.
    13. Dilip B. Madan & Wim Schoutens, 2020. "Self‐similarity in long‐horizon returns," Mathematical Finance, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 30(4), pages 1368-1391, October.
    14. Mehdi Vazifedan & Qiji Jim Zhu, 2020. "No-Arbitrage Principle in Conic Finance," Risks, MDPI, vol. 8(2), pages 1-34, June.
    15. Madan, Dilip B., 2014. "Modeling and monitoring risk acceptability in markets: The case of the credit default swap market," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 47(C), pages 63-73.
    16. Dilip B. Madan, 2016. "Benchmarking in two price financial markets," Annals of Finance, Springer, vol. 12(2), pages 201-219, May.
    17. Carr, Peter & Madan, Dilip B. & Melamed, Michael & Schoutens, Wim, 2016. "Hedging insurance books," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 70(C), pages 364-372.
    18. Dilip B. Madan, 2018. "Financial equilibrium with non-linear valuations," Annals of Finance, Springer, vol. 14(2), pages 211-221, May.
    19. Leippold, Markus & Schärer, Steven, 2017. "Discrete-time option pricing with stochastic liquidity," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 75(C), pages 1-16.
    20. Dilip Madan, 2011. "Joint risk-neutral laws and hedging," IISE Transactions, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 43(12), pages 840-850.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:wsi:ijtafx:v:20:y:2017:i:08:n:s0219024917500510. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Tai Tone Lim (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.worldscinet.com/ijtaf/ijtaf.shtml .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.