IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jjrfmx/v3y2010i1p1-25d28367.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Conserving Capital by Adjusting Deltas for Gamma in the Presence of Skewness

Author

Listed:
  • Dilip B. Madan

    (Robert H. Smith School of Business, University of Maryland, College Park, MD. 20742, USA)

Abstract

An argument for adjusting Black Scholes implied call deltas downwards for a gamma exposure in a left skewed market is presented. It is shown that when the objective for the hedge is the conservation of capital ignoring the gamma for the delta position is expensive. The gamma adjustment factor in the static case is just a function of the risk neutral distribution. In the dynamic case one may precompute at the date of trade initiation a matrix of delta levels as a function of the underlying for the life of the trade and subsequently one just has to look up the matrix for the hedge. Also constructed are matrices for the capital reserve, the pro¯t, leverage and rate of return remaining in the trade as a function of the spot at a future date in the life of the trade. The concepts of pro¯t, capital, leverage and return are as described in Carr, Madan and Vicente Alvarez (2010). The dynamic computations constitute an application of the theory of nonlinear expectations as described in Cohen and Elliott (2010).

Suggested Citation

  • Dilip B. Madan, 2010. "Conserving Capital by Adjusting Deltas for Gamma in the Presence of Skewness," JRFM, MDPI, vol. 3(1), pages 1-25, December.
  • Handle: RePEc:gam:jjrfmx:v:3:y:2010:i:1:p:1-25:d:28367
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1911-8074/3/1/1/pdf
    Download Restriction: no

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1911-8074/3/1/1/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Dilip B. Madan & Peter P. Carr & Eric C. Chang, 1998. "The Variance Gamma Process and Option Pricing," Review of Finance, European Finance Association, vol. 2(1), pages 79-105.
    2. Cohen, Samuel N. & Elliott, Robert J., 2010. "A general theory of finite state Backward Stochastic Difference Equations," Stochastic Processes and their Applications, Elsevier, vol. 120(4), pages 442-466, April.
    3. Carr, Peter & Geman, Helyette & Madan, Dilip B., 2001. "Pricing and hedging in incomplete markets," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 62(1), pages 131-167, October.
    4. Madan, Dilip B & Seneta, Eugene, 1990. "The Variance Gamma (V.G.) Model for Share Market Returns," The Journal of Business, University of Chicago Press, vol. 63(4), pages 511-524, October.
    5. A. Jobert & L. C. G. Rogers, 2008. "Valuations And Dynamic Convex Risk Measures," Mathematical Finance, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 18(1), pages 1-22, January.
    6. Stefan Jaschke & Uwe Küchler, 2001. "Coherent risk measures and good-deal bounds," Finance and Stochastics, Springer, vol. 5(2), pages 181-200.
    7. Dilip B. Madan & Alexander Cherny, 2010. "Markets As A Counterparty: An Introduction To Conic Finance," International Journal of Theoretical and Applied Finance (IJTAF), World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., vol. 13(08), pages 1149-1177.
    8. Freddy Delbaen & Shige Peng & Emanuela Rosazza Gianin, 2010. "Representation of the penalty term of dynamic concave utilities," Finance and Stochastics, Springer, vol. 14(3), pages 449-472, September.
    9. Aleksandar Mijatovic & Martijn Pistorius, 2009. "Continuously monitored barrier options under Markov processes," Papers 0908.4028, arXiv.org, revised Dec 2010.
    10. A. Cherny, 2006. "Weighted V@R and its Properties," Finance and Stochastics, Springer, vol. 10(3), pages 367-393, September.
    11. Rosazza Gianin, Emanuela, 2006. "Risk measures via g-expectations," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 39(1), pages 19-34, August.
    12. Alexander Cherny & Dilip Madan, 2009. "New Measures for Performance Evaluation," The Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 22(7), pages 2371-2406, July.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Leippold, Markus & Schärer, Steven, 2017. "Discrete-time option pricing with stochastic liquidity," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 75(C), pages 1-16.
    2. Ziming Dong & Dan Tang & Xingchun Wang, 2023. "Pricing vulnerable basket spread options with liquidity risk," Review of Derivatives Research, Springer, vol. 26(1), pages 23-50, April.
    3. Wang, Xingchun, 2022. "Pricing vulnerable options with stochastic liquidity risk," The North American Journal of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 60(C).
    4. Hestia Jacomina Stoffberg & Gary van Vuuren, 2016. "Asset correlations in single factor credit risk models: an empirical investigation," Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 48(17), pages 1602-1617, April.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Dilip B. Madan & Wim Schoutens & King Wang, 2017. "Measuring And Monitoring The Efficiency Of Markets," International Journal of Theoretical and Applied Finance (IJTAF), World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., vol. 20(08), pages 1-32, December.
    2. Ernst Eberlein & Dilip Madan & Martijn Pistorius & Wim Schoutens & Marc Yor, 2014. "Two price economies in continuous time," Annals of Finance, Springer, vol. 10(1), pages 71-100, February.
    3. Dilip Madan, 2011. "Joint risk-neutral laws and hedging," IISE Transactions, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 43(12), pages 840-850.
    4. Dilip B. Madan, 2016. "Conic Portfolio Theory," International Journal of Theoretical and Applied Finance (IJTAF), World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., vol. 19(03), pages 1-42, May.
    5. Dilip Madan, 2015. "Asset pricing theory for two price economies," Annals of Finance, Springer, vol. 11(1), pages 1-35, February.
    6. Tomasz R. Bielecki & Igor Cialenco & Marcin Pitera, 2014. "A unified approach to time consistency of dynamic risk measures and dynamic performance measures in discrete time," Papers 1409.7028, arXiv.org, revised Sep 2017.
    7. Yuan, Hongmin & Jiang, Long & Tian, Dejian, 2020. "Representation theorems for WVaR with respect to a capacity," Statistics & Probability Letters, Elsevier, vol. 158(C).
    8. Dilip Madan, 2009. "Capital requirements, acceptable risks and profits," Quantitative Finance, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 9(7), pages 767-773.
    9. Madan, Dilip B., 2014. "Modeling and monitoring risk acceptability in markets: The case of the credit default swap market," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 47(C), pages 63-73.
    10. Dilip B. Madan & Martijn Pistorius & Wim Schoutens, 2017. "Conic Trading In A Markovian Steady State," International Journal of Theoretical and Applied Finance (IJTAF), World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., vol. 20(02), pages 1-22, March.
    11. Tomasz R. Bielecki & Igor Cialenco & Ismail Iyigunler & Rodrigo Rodriguez, 2012. "Dynamic Conic Finance: Pricing and Hedging in Market Models with Transaction Costs via Dynamic Coherent Acceptability Indices," Papers 1205.4790, arXiv.org, revised Jun 2013.
    12. Dilip B. Madan & King Wang, 2022. "Two sided efficient frontiers at multiple time horizons," Annals of Finance, Springer, vol. 18(3), pages 327-353, September.
    13. Leippold, Markus & Schärer, Steven, 2017. "Discrete-time option pricing with stochastic liquidity," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 75(C), pages 1-16.
    14. Dilip B. Madan & King Wang, 2023. "Measuring Dependence in a Set of Asset Returns," Asia-Pacific Financial Markets, Springer;Japanese Association of Financial Economics and Engineering, vol. 30(2), pages 363-385, June.
    15. Sun, Xianming & Gan, Siqing & Vanmaele, Michèle, 2015. "Analytical approximation for distorted expectations," Statistics & Probability Letters, Elsevier, vol. 107(C), pages 246-252.
    16. Tomasz R. Bielecki & Igor Cialenco & Tao Chen, 2014. "Dynamic Conic Finance via Backward Stochastic Difference Equations," Papers 1412.6459, arXiv.org, revised Dec 2014.
    17. Maria Arduca & Cosimo Munari, 2020. "Fundamental theorem of asset pricing with acceptable risk in markets with frictions," Papers 2012.08351, arXiv.org, revised Apr 2022.
    18. Pelsser, Antoon & Salahnejhad Ghalehjooghi, Ahmad, 2016. "Time-consistent actuarial valuations," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 66(C), pages 97-112.
    19. Dilip B. Madan & Wim Schoutens, 2020. "Self‐similarity in long‐horizon returns," Mathematical Finance, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 30(4), pages 1368-1391, October.
    20. Ernst Eberlein & Dilip Madan, 2009. "Sato processes and the valuation of structured products," Quantitative Finance, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 9(1), pages 27-42.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jjrfmx:v:3:y:2010:i:1:p:1-25:d:28367. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.