IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/wly/japmet/v39y2024i7p1201-1219.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Agglomerative hierarchical clustering for selecting valid instrumental variables

Author

Listed:
  • Nicolas Apfel
  • Xiaoran Liang

Abstract

We propose a procedure that combines hierarchical clustering with a test of overidentifying restrictions for selecting valid instrumental variables (IV) from a large set of IVs. Some of these IVs may be invalid in that they fail the exclusion restriction. We show that if the largest group of IVs is valid, our method achieves oracle properties. Unlike existing techniques, our work deals with multiple endogenous regressors. Simulation results suggest an advantageous performance of the method in various settings. The method is applied to estimating the effect of immigration on wages.

Suggested Citation

  • Nicolas Apfel & Xiaoran Liang, 2024. "Agglomerative hierarchical clustering for selecting valid instrumental variables," Journal of Applied Econometrics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 39(7), pages 1201-1219, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:wly:japmet:v:39:y:2024:i:7:p:1201-1219
    DOI: 10.1002/jae.3078
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://doi.org/10.1002/jae.3078
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1002/jae.3078?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Hansen, Lars Peter, 1982. "Large Sample Properties of Generalized Method of Moments Estimators," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 50(4), pages 1029-1054, July.
    2. Frank Windmeijer & Helmut Farbmacher & Neil Davies & George Davey Smith, 2019. "On the Use of the Lasso for Instrumental Variables Estimation with Some Invalid Instruments," Journal of the American Statistical Association, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 114(527), pages 1339-1350, July.
    3. David A. Jaeger, 2007. "Green Cards and the Location Choices of Immigrants in the United States, 1971–2000," Research in Labor Economics, in: Immigration, pages 131-183, Emerald Group Publishing Limited.
    4. A. Belloni & D. Chen & V. Chernozhukov & C. Hansen, 2012. "Sparse Models and Methods for Optimal Instruments With an Application to Eminent Domain," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 80(6), pages 2369-2429, November.
    5. Donald W. K. Andrews, 1999. "Consistent Moment Selection Procedures for Generalized Method of Moments Estimation," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 67(3), pages 543-564, May.
    6. Caner, Mehmet, 2014. "Near exogeneity and weak identification in generalized empirical likelihood estimators: Many moment asymptotics," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 182(2), pages 247-268.
    7. Frank Windmeijer & Xiaoran Liang & Fernando P. Hartwig & Jack Bowden, 2021. "The confidence interval method for selecting valid instrumental variables," Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series B, Royal Statistical Society, vol. 83(4), pages 752-776, September.
    8. Matthew A. Masten & Alexandre Poirier, 2021. "Salvaging Falsified Instrumental Variable Models," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 89(3), pages 1449-1469, May.
    9. Jeffrey M Wooldridge, 2010. "Econometric Analysis of Cross Section and Panel Data," MIT Press Books, The MIT Press, edition 2, volume 1, number 0262232588, December.
    10. Zijian Guo & Hyunseung Kang & T. Tony Cai & Dylan S. Small, 2018. "Confidence intervals for causal effects with invalid instruments by using two‐stage hard thresholding with voting," Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series B, Royal Statistical Society, vol. 80(4), pages 793-815, September.
    11. Leeb, Hannes & Pötscher, Benedikt M., 2005. "Model Selection And Inference: Facts And Fiction," Econometric Theory, Cambridge University Press, vol. 21(1), pages 21-59, February.
    12. K. Newey, Whitney, 1985. "Generalized method of moments specification testing," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 29(3), pages 229-256, September.
    13. Isaiah Andrews & Matthew Gentzkow & Jesse M. Shapiro, 2017. "Measuring the Sensitivity of Parameter Estimates to Estimation Moments," The Quarterly Journal of Economics, President and Fellows of Harvard College, vol. 132(4), pages 1553-1592.
    14. repec:eme:rlec11:s0147-9121(07)00004-0 is not listed on IDEAS
    15. Hyunseung Kang & Anru Zhang & T. Tony Cai & Dylan S. Small, 2016. "Instrumental Variables Estimation With Some Invalid Instruments and its Application to Mendelian Randomization," Journal of the American Statistical Association, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 111(513), pages 132-144, March.
    16. Christian Dustmann & Uta Schönberg & Jan Stuhler, 2016. "The Impact of Immigration: Why Do Studies Reach Such Different Results?," Journal of Economic Perspectives, American Economic Association, vol. 30(4), pages 31-56, Fall.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Nicolas Apfel & Frank Windmeijer, 2022. "The Falsification Adaptive Set in Linear Models with Instrumental Variables that Violate the Exclusion or Conditional Exogeneity Restriction," Papers 2212.04814, arXiv.org, revised Apr 2024.
    2. Byunghoon Kang, 2018. "Higher Order Approximation of IV Estimators with Invalid Instruments," Working Papers 257105320, Lancaster University Management School, Economics Department.
    3. Nicolas Apfel, 2019. "Relaxing the Exclusion Restriction in Shift-Share Instrumental Variable Estimation," Papers 1907.00222, arXiv.org, revised Jul 2022.
    4. Liang, X.; & Sanderson, E.; & Windmeijer, F.;, 2022. "Selecting Valid Instrumental Variables in Linear Models with Multiple Exposure Variables: Adaptive Lasso and the Median-of-Medians Estimator," Health, Econometrics and Data Group (HEDG) Working Papers 22/22, HEDG, c/o Department of Economics, University of York.
    5. Frank Windmeijer & Xiaoran Liang & Fernando P. Hartwig & Jack Bowden, 2021. "The confidence interval method for selecting valid instrumental variables," Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series B, Royal Statistical Society, vol. 83(4), pages 752-776, September.
    6. Qingliang Fan & Zijian Guo & Ziwei Mei, 2022. "A Heteroskedasticity-Robust Overidentifying Restriction Test with High-Dimensional Covariates," Papers 2205.00171, arXiv.org, revised May 2024.
    7. Hyunseung Kang & Youjin Lee & T. Tony Cai & Dylan S. Small, 2022. "Two robust tools for inference about causal effects with invalid instruments," Biometrics, The International Biometric Society, vol. 78(1), pages 24-34, March.
    8. Yiqi Lin & Frank Windmeijer & Xinyuan Song & Qingliang Fan, 2022. "On the instrumental variable estimation with many weak and invalid instruments," Papers 2207.03035, arXiv.org, revised Dec 2023.
    9. Meijer, Erik & Spierdijk, Laura & Wansbeek, Tom, 2017. "Consistent estimation of linear panel data models with measurement error," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 200(2), pages 169-180.
    10. Alastair R. Hall, 2015. "Econometricians Have Their Moments: GMM at 32," The Economic Record, The Economic Society of Australia, vol. 91(S1), pages 1-24, June.
    11. Nicolas Apfel & Helmut Farbmacher & Rebecca Groh & Martin Huber & Henrika Langen, 2022. "Detecting Grouped Local Average Treatment Effects and Selecting True Instruments," Papers 2207.04481, arXiv.org, revised Oct 2023.
    12. repec:bla:ecorec:v:91:y:2015:i::p:1-24 is not listed on IDEAS
    13. Zhaonan Qu & Yongchan Kwon, 2024. "Distributionally Robust Instrumental Variables Estimation," Papers 2410.15634, arXiv.org, revised Dec 2024.
    14. Frank Windmeijer & Helmut Farbmacher & Neil Davies & George Davey Smith, 2019. "On the Use of the Lasso for Instrumental Variables Estimation with Some Invalid Instruments," Journal of the American Statistical Association, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 114(527), pages 1339-1350, July.
    15. Gyuhyeong Goh & Jisang Yu, 2022. "Causal inference with some invalid instrumental variables: A quasi‐Bayesian approach," Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, Department of Economics, University of Oxford, vol. 84(6), pages 1432-1451, December.
    16. Qingliang Fan & Yaqian Wu, 2020. "Endogenous Treatment Effect Estimation with some Invalid and Irrelevant Instruments," Papers 2006.14998, arXiv.org.
    17. Dong, Chaohua & Gao, Jiti & Linton, Oliver, 2023. "High dimensional semiparametric moment restriction models," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 232(2), pages 320-345.
    18. Kumari, Meena & Bao, Yanchun & S. Clarke, Paul & Smart, Melissa, 2018. "A comparison of robust methods for Mendelian randomization using multiple genetic variants," ISER Working Paper Series 2018-08, Institute for Social and Economic Research.
    19. Breunig, Christoph & Mammen, Enno & Simoni, Anna, 2020. "Ill-posed estimation in high-dimensional models with instrumental variables," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 219(1), pages 171-200.
    20. Nicolas Apfel & Julia Hatamyar & Martin Huber & Jannis Kueck, 2024. "Learning control variables and instruments for causal analysis in observational data," Papers 2407.04448, arXiv.org.
    21. Cheng, Xu & Liao, Zhipeng, 2015. "Select the valid and relevant moments: An information-based LASSO for GMM with many moments," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 186(2), pages 443-464.

    More about this item

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:wly:japmet:v:39:y:2024:i:7:p:1201-1219. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Wiley Content Delivery (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.interscience.wiley.com/jpages/0883-7252/ .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.