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Occupational choice, human capital and financial constraints

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  • Rui Castro
  • Pavel Ševčík

Abstract

We study the aggregate productivity effects of firm‐level financial frictions. Credit constraints affect not only production decisions but also household‐level schooling decisions. In turn, entrepreneurial schooling decisions impact firm‐level productivities, whose cross‐sectional distribution becomes endogenous. In anticipation of future constraints, entrepreneurs underinvest in schooling early in life. Frictions lower aggregate productivity because talent is misallocated across occupations and capital is misallocated across firms. Firm‐level productivities are also lower due to schooling distortions. These effects combined account for between 36% and 68% of the US–India aggregate productivity difference. Schooling distortions are the major source of aggregate productivity differences. Choix de carrière, capital humain et contraintes financières. Nous étudions les effets des frictions financières au niveau des entreprises sur la productivité agrégée. Les contraintes de crédit influencent non seulement les décisions de production, mais aussi les décisions de scolarisation au sein des ménages. À leur tour, les décisions de scolarisation des entrepreneurs ont une incidence sur la productivité de leurs firmes, dont la distribution devient endogène. En prévision des futures contraintes, les entrepreneurs sous‐investissent dans la scolarisation au début de leur vie. Les frictions diminuent la productivité agrégée parce que le talent est mal réparti entre les occupations et que le capital est mal réparti entre les entreprises. De surcroît, la productivité des entreprises est inférieure en raison des distorsions de scolarisation. Ensemble, ces effets représentent de 36 à 68 % de la différence de productivité agrégée entre les États‐Unis et l'Inde. Les distorsions de scolarisation sont la source principale des différences de productivité agrégée.

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  • Rui Castro & Pavel Ševčík, 2024. "Occupational choice, human capital and financial constraints," Canadian Journal of Economics/Revue canadienne d'économique, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 57(3), pages 674-703, August.
  • Handle: RePEc:wly:canjec:v:57:y:2024:i:3:p:674-703
    DOI: 10.1111/caje.12721
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    1. Marti Mestieri & Johanna Schauer & Robert Townsend, 2017. "Human Capital Acquisition and Occupational Choice: Implications for Economic Development," Review of Economic Dynamics, Elsevier for the Society for Economic Dynamics, vol. 25, pages 151-186, April.
    2. Roberto M. Samaniego & Juliana Yu Sun, 2019. "Entrepreneurship, College, and Credit: The Golden Triangle," Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, Blackwell Publishing, vol. 51(7), pages 1765-1813, October.
    3. Virgiliu Midrigan & Fernando Leibovici & Julio Blanco, 2017. "Human Capital and Financial Development," 2017 Meeting Papers 1187, Society for Economic Dynamics.

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    More about this item

    JEL classification:

    • E24 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Consumption, Saving, Production, Employment, and Investment - - - Employment; Unemployment; Wages; Intergenerational Income Distribution; Aggregate Human Capital; Aggregate Labor Productivity
    • I25 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Education - - - Education and Economic Development
    • J24 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demand and Supply of Labor - - - Human Capital; Skills; Occupational Choice; Labor Productivity
    • O11 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Development - - - Macroeconomic Analyses of Economic Development
    • O15 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Development - - - Economic Development: Human Resources; Human Development; Income Distribution; Migration
    • O16 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Development - - - Financial Markets; Saving and Capital Investment; Corporate Finance and Governance
    • O47 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Growth and Aggregate Productivity - - - Empirical Studies of Economic Growth; Aggregate Productivity; Cross-Country Output Convergence

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