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The Strategic Sources of Foreign Policy Substitution

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  • David H. Clark
  • William Reed

Abstract

While a growing body of work provides empirical support for the notion that political leaders “substitute” foreign policies depending on a variety of domestic political and economic conditions, little work examines the underlying strategic causes of substitution. This article argues that foreign states behave strategically in order to (a) avoid becoming the targets of domestically troubled executives or (b) to take advantage of the domestic trouble another state endures. Such “strategic interaction” delimits the set of foreign policies reasonably available to leaders in trouble at home, thus producing the impetus for policy substitution. This article develops a theoretical model of strategic behavior and policy substitution and reports empirical results of a multivariate probit model.

Suggested Citation

  • David H. Clark & William Reed, 2005. "The Strategic Sources of Foreign Policy Substitution," American Journal of Political Science, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 49(3), pages 609-624, July.
  • Handle: RePEc:wly:amposc:v:49:y:2005:i:3:p:609-624
    DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-5907.2005.00145.x
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Lorenzo Cappellari, 1999. "Low-pay transitions and attrition bias in Italy : An analysis using simulation based estimation," The Warwick Economics Research Paper Series (TWERPS) 532, University of Warwick, Department of Economics.
    2. Lorenzo Cappellari & Stephen P. Jenkins, 2003. "Multivariate probit regression using simulated maximum likelihood," Stata Journal, StataCorp LP, vol. 3(3), pages 278-294, September.
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    Cited by:

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    6. David H. Clark & Timothy Nordstrom & William Reed, 2008. "Substitution Is in the Variance: Resources and Foreign Policy Choice," American Journal of Political Science, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 52(4), pages 763-773, October.

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