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An Empirical Analysis of the Determinants of International Tourism Demand: The Case of Izmir

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  • A. Özlem Önder
  • Aykan Candemir
  • Neşe Kumral

Abstract

Tourism has become an important sector in Turkey as a growing source of foreign exchange reserves and employment over the last two decades. After being one of the most important tourist destinations for decades, Izmir lost its relative importance after the 1990s. With its historical, cultural values and nature, Izmir still has a significant potential for tourism. Given the importance of this sector for Izmir, this paper investigates the factors affecting the international tourism demand in Izmir using the time series data between 1980 and 2005. The double logarithmic model is used in estimation. Real exchange rates, the GDP per capita of OECD countries, the GDP per capita of Izmir and the transportation public capital stock of Izmir are the variables used to explain Izmir's international tourist arrivals. The empirical results show that the prices and income of the tourist-generating country are the main determinants of the demand for tourism. Income and price elasticities are above 1. Local factors related to Izmir's level of development and the transportation public capital stock have no significant effect. Policy implications derivable from this study suggest that government should encourage alternative forms of tourism development besides mass tourism.

Suggested Citation

  • A. Özlem Önder & Aykan Candemir & Neşe Kumral, 2009. "An Empirical Analysis of the Determinants of International Tourism Demand: The Case of Izmir," European Planning Studies, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 17(10), pages 1525-1533, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:taf:eurpls:v:17:y:2009:i:10:p:1525-1533
    DOI: 10.1080/09654310903141748
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    1. Lokman Gunduz & Abdulnasser Hatemi-J, 2005. "Is the tourism-led growth hypothesis valid for Turkey?," Applied Economics Letters, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 12(8), pages 499-504.
    2. Yair Eilat & Liran Einav, 2004. "Determinants of international tourism: a three-dimensional panel data analysis," Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 36(12), pages 1315-1327.
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    Cited by:

    1. Clive Morley, 2012. "Technique and Theory in Tourism Analysis," Tourism Economics, , vol. 18(6), pages 1273-1286, December.
    2. Haritini Tsangari, 2012. "Determinants of Tourism for “Sun and Sea’ Cyprus," European Research Studies Journal, European Research Studies Journal, vol. 0(3), pages 161-184.
    3. S. Nyasha & N.M. Odhiambo, 2021. "Determinants of Tourism Development: Empirical Evidence from Three Developing Countries," Working Papers AESRI-2021-19, African Economic and Social Research Institute (AESRI), revised Jan 2021.
    4. Nyasha, Sheilla & Odhiambo, Nicholas M., 2021. "Determinants of Tourism Development: Empirical Evidence from Three Developing Countries," Economia Internazionale / International Economics, Camera di Commercio Industria Artigianato Agricoltura di Genova, vol. 74(3), pages 335-368.
    5. Wamboye, Evelyn F. & Nyaronga, Peter John & Sergi, Bruno S., 2020. "What are the determinant of international tourism in Tanzania?," World Development Perspectives, Elsevier, vol. 17(C).
    6. Manuela, Wilfred S. & de Vera, Manuel J., 2015. "The impact of government failure on tourism in the Philippines," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 43(C), pages 11-22.
    7. Gil Montant, 2020. "The determinants of the hotel sector revenues: The case of French Polynesia," Tourism Economics, , vol. 26(5), pages 809-829, August.
    8. Tan Khee Giap & Sasidaran Gopalan & Ye Ye, 2016. "Drivers of Growth in the Travel and Tourism Industry in Malaysia: A Geweke Causality Analysis," Economies, MDPI, vol. 4(1), pages 1-15, February.
    9. Akhil Sharma & Tarun Vashishat & Abdul Rishad, 2019. "The consequences of exchange rate trends on international tourism demand: evidence from India," Journal of Social and Economic Development, Springer;Institute for Social and Economic Change, vol. 21(2), pages 270-287, December.
    10. Peter Fredman & Daniel Wikström, 2018. "Income elasticity of demand for tourism at Fulufjället National Park," Tourism Economics, , vol. 24(1), pages 51-63, February.

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