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The interaction between culture and sex in the formation of entrepreneurial intentions

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  • Rotem Shneor
  • Selin Metin Camgöz
  • Pinar Bayhan Karapinar

Abstract

This study aims to reveal the effect of an interaction between culture and sex on the formation of entrepreneurial intentions, while building on notions of a cultural construction of gender. The study adopts the theory of planned behaviour as the setting for such exploration, as it has been proven to be robust across national contexts. The analysis is based on survey data collected from business students in Norway and Turkey. Both countries were selected as two distinct and opposite cultural constellations in accordance with the dissatisfaction approach to entrepreneurship. Turkey representing a relatively masculine, high power distance, uncertainty avoiding and collectivistic society; while Norway representing the opposite. Results show that Turkish students, regardless of sex, exhibit significantly higher levels of entrepreneurial intentions and self-efficacy. Male students, regardless of national background, exhibit higher levels of entrepreneurial intentions, self-efficacy and social norms. Finally, our study shows that the extent to which males differ from females in terms of their entrepreneurial intentions is contingent on the national cultural context from which they originate.

Suggested Citation

  • Rotem Shneor & Selin Metin Camgöz & Pinar Bayhan Karapinar, 2013. "The interaction between culture and sex in the formation of entrepreneurial intentions," Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 25(9-10), pages 781-803, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:taf:entreg:v:25:y:2013:i:9-10:p:781-803
    DOI: 10.1080/08985626.2013.862973
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Norris F. Krueger, 2017. "Entrepreneurial Intentions Are Dead: Long Live Entrepreneurial Intentions," International Studies in Entrepreneurship, in: Malin Brännback & Alan L. Carsrud (ed.), Revisiting the Entrepreneurial Mind, chapter 0, pages 13-34, Springer.
    2. International Monetary Fund, 2012. "Turkey: Financial System Stability Assessment," IMF Staff Country Reports 2012/261, International Monetary Fund.
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    1. Seyberth, Lilo & Overwien, Anja, 2024. "The influence of role models on women's entrepreneurial intention and behaviour," Discussion Papers of the Institute for Organisational Economics 3/2024, University of Münster, Institute for Organisational Economics.
    2. McAdam, Maura & Crowley, Caren & Harrison, Richard T., 2019. "“To boldly go where no [man] has gone before” - Institutional voids and the development of women's digital entrepreneurship11The title is taken from the original titles voice-over for the TV series St," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 146(C), pages 912-922.
    3. Tarapuez Chamorro, Edwin Ignacio & Aristizábal Tamayo, Juan Manuel & Uribe Uran, Adriana Patricia, 2021. "Intención empresarial y dimensiones culturales en estudiantes de Maestría en Administración en Colombia," Revista Tendencias, Universidad de Narino, vol. 22(1), pages 120-139, January.
    4. Anastasiia Laskovaia & Galina Shirokova & Michael H. Morris, 2017. "National culture, effectuation, and new venture performance: global evidence from student entrepreneurs," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 49(3), pages 687-709, October.
    5. Tommaso Minola & Giuseppe Criaco & Martin Obschonka, 2016. "Age, culture, and self-employment motivation," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 46(2), pages 187-213, February.
    6. Uzuegbunam, Ikenna & Pathak, Seemantini & Taylor-Bianco, Amy & Ofem, Brandon, 2021. "How cultural tightness interacts with gender in founding teams: Insights from the commercialization of social ventures," Journal of Business Venturing, Elsevier, vol. 36(4).
    7. Calza, Francesco & Cannavale, Chiara & Zohoorian Nadali, Iman, 2020. "How do cultural values influence entrepreneurial behavior of nations? A behavioral reasoning approach," International Business Review, Elsevier, vol. 29(5).
    8. K. K. Tripathy & Manisha Paliwal & Anshu Singh, 2022. "Women’s social entrepreneurship and livelihood innovation: an exploratory study from India," Service Business, Springer;Pan-Pacific Business Association, vol. 16(4), pages 863-881, December.
    9. Carlos Bazan & Aparajita Datta & Hannah Gaultois & Arifusalam Shaikh & Katie Gillespie & Jada Jones, 2019. "Effect Of The University In The Entrepreneurial Intention Of Female Students," International Journal of Entrepreneurial Knowledge, Center for International Scientific Research of VSO and VSPP, vol. 7(2), pages 73-97, December.
    10. Montserrat Entrialgo & Víctor Iglesias, 2016. "The moderating role of entrepreneurship education on the antecedents of entrepreneurial intention," International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, Springer, vol. 12(4), pages 1209-1232, December.
    11. Kyriakopoulos, Panagiotis & Herbert, Kendall & Piperopoulos, Panagiotis, 2024. "I am passionate therefore I am: The interplay between entrepreneurial passion, gender, culture and intentions," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 172(C).
    12. Oguz Basol & Isil Karatuna, 2017. "Entrepreneurial Self-Efficacy of University Students: A Cross-Cultural Study," Management, University of Primorska, Faculty of Management Koper, vol. 12(1), pages 27-40.
    13. Ghulam Nabi & Francisco Linan & Alain Fayolle & Norris F. Krueger & Andreas Walmsley, 2017. "The impact of entrepreneurship education in higher education : A systematic review and research agenda," Post-Print hal-02313409, HAL.
    14. Sahasranamam, Sreevas & Nandakumar, M.K. & Pereira, Vijay & Temouri, Yama, 2021. "Knowledge capital in social and commercial entrepreneurship: Investigating the role of informal institutions," Journal of International Management, Elsevier, vol. 27(1).
    15. Francisco Liñán & Inmaculada Jaén & Domingo Martín, 2022. "Does entrepreneurship fit her? Women entrepreneurs, gender-role orientation, and entrepreneurial culture," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 58(2), pages 1051-1071, February.
    16. Lene Foss & Colette Henry & Helene Ahl & Geir H. Mikalsen, 2019. "Women’s entrepreneurship policy research: a 30-year review of the evidence," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 53(2), pages 409-429, August.
    17. Shirokova, Galina & Osiyevskyy, Oleksiy & Bogatyreva, Karina, 2016. "Exploring the intention–behavior link in student entrepreneurship: Moderating effects of individual and environmental characteristics," European Management Journal, Elsevier, vol. 34(4), pages 386-399.
    18. Palamida, Eftychia & Papagiannidis, Savvas & Xanthopoulou, Despoina, 2018. "Linking young individuals' capital to investment intentions: Comparing two cultural backgrounds," European Management Journal, Elsevier, vol. 36(3), pages 392-407.
    19. Robert Huggins & Michael Stuetzer & Martin Obschonka & Piers Thompson, 2021. "Historical industrialisation, path dependence and contemporary culture: the lasting imprint of economic heritage on local communities [Technology and the labour market]," Journal of Economic Geography, Oxford University Press, vol. 21(6), pages 841-867.
    20. Bogatyreva, Karina & Edelman, Linda F. & Manolova, Tatiana S. & Osiyevskyy, Oleksiy & Shirokova, Galina, 2019. "When do entrepreneurial intentions lead to actions? The role of national culture," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 96(C), pages 309-321.
    21. Renato Passaro & Giuseppe Scandurra & Antonio Thomas, 2017. "The Emergence of Innovative Entrepreneurship: Beyond the Intention — Investigating the Participants in an Academic SUC," International Journal of Innovation and Technology Management (IJITM), World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., vol. 14(05), pages 1-22, October.

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