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The price of corporate acquisition: determinants of cash takeover premia

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  • Vijay Gondhalekar
  • R. Raymond Sant
  • Stephen Ferris

Abstract

A sample of cash-only acquisitions of Nasdaq targets during 1973-1999 is examined. It is found that the mean (median) percentage premia declines from 74% (65%) during the 1970s to 47% (42%) in the 1990s. Consistent with recent research on the value reduction associated with diversification, it is observed that acquirers generally will not pay higher prices to acquire firms operating in different industries. It is found that over-invested firms pursue acquisitions more aggressively by paying higher premia while under-invested firms pay less, on average. Finally, the evidence suggests that agency rather than synergistic or hubris effects influence the level of merger premia.

Suggested Citation

  • Vijay Gondhalekar & R. Raymond Sant & Stephen Ferris, 2004. "The price of corporate acquisition: determinants of cash takeover premia," Applied Economics Letters, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 11(12), pages 735-739.
    • Handle: RePEc:taf:apeclt:v:11:y:2004:i:12:p:735-739
    DOI: 10.1080/1350485042000254601
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Jensen, Michael C, 1986. "Agency Costs of Free Cash Flow, Corporate Finance, and Takeovers," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 76(2), pages 323-329, May.
    2. Berkovitch, Elazar & Narayanan, M. P., 1993. "Motives for Takeovers: An Empirical Investigation," Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, Cambridge University Press, vol. 28(3), pages 347-362, September.
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    4. Bradley, Michael & Desai, Anand & Kim, E. Han, 1988. "Synergistic gains from corporate acquisitions and their division between the stockholders of target and acquiring firms," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 21(1), pages 3-40, May.
    5. Lang, Larry H. P. & Stulz, ReneM. & Walkling, Ralph A., 1991. "A test of the free cash flow hypothesis*1: The case of bidder returns," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 29(2), pages 315-335, October.
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    Cited by:

    1. Russell Pittman, 2007. "Consumer Surplus as the Appropriate Standard for Antitrust Enforcement," EAG Discussions Papers 200709, Department of Justice, Antitrust Division.
    2. Georges Dionne & Mélissa La Haye & Anne-Sophie Bergerès, 2015. "Does asymmetric information affect the premium in mergers and acquisitions?," Canadian Journal of Economics, Canadian Economics Association, vol. 48(3), pages 819-852, August.
    3. Elena Ryabova V. & Valentina Petrova V. & Елена Рябова Вячеславовна & Валентина Петрова Владимировна, 2017. "Методика оценки премии в сделках слияния и поглощения на развивающихся рынках для частных компаний // The Method of Estimating the Premium in Mergers and Acquisitions in Emerging Markets for Private C," Финансы: теория и практика/Finance: Theory and Practice // Finance: Theory and Practice, ФГОБУВО Финансовый университет при Правительстве Российской Федерации // Financial University under The Government of Russian Federation, vol. 21(5), pages 128-139.
    4. Lim, Mi-Hee & Lee, Ji-Hwan, 2016. "The effects of industry relatedness and takeover motives on cross-border acquisition completion," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 69(11), pages 4787-4792.
    5. Khatami, Seyed Hossein & Marchica, Maria-Teresa & Mura, Roberto, 2015. "Corporate acquisitions and financial constraints," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 40(C), pages 107-121.
    6. Hussaini, Mussa & Hussain, Nazim & Nguyen, Duc Khuong & Rigoni, Ugo, 2021. "Is corporate social responsibility an agency problem? An empirical note from takeovers," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 43(C).

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