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Numerical Simulation of Flood Wave Propagation in Two-Dimensions in Densely Populated Urban Areas due to Dam Break

Author

Listed:
  • Ismail Haltas

    (Zirve University)

  • Sebnem Elçi

    (Izmir Institute of Technology)

  • Gokmen Tayfur

    (Izmir Institute of Technology)

Abstract

Dams are important structures having many functions such as water supply, flood control, hydroelectric power and recreation. Although dam break failures are very rare events, dams can fail with little warning and the damage at the downstream of the dam due to the flood wave can be catastrophic. During a dam failure, immense volume of water is mobilized at very high speed in a very short time. The momentum of the flood wave can turn to a very destructive impact force in residential areas. Therefore, from risk point of view, understanding the consequences of a possible dam failure is critically important. This study deals with the methodology utilized for predicting the flood wave occurring after the dam break and analyses the propagation of the flood wave downstream of the dam. The methodology used in this study includes creation of bathymetric, DEM and land use maps; routing of the flood wave along the valley using a 1D model; and two dimensional numerical modeling of the propagation and spreading of flood wave for various dam breaching scenarios in two different urban areas. Such a methodology is a vital tool for decision-making process since it takes into account the spatial heterogeneity of the basin parameters to predict flood wave propagation downstream of the dam. Proposed methodology is applied to two dams; Porsuk Dam located in Eskişehir and Alibey Dam located in Istanbul, Turkey. Both dams are selected based on the fact that they have dense residential areas downstream and such a failure would be disastrous in both cases. Model simulations based on three different dam breaching scenarios showed that maximum flow depth can reach to 5 m at the border of the residential areas both in Eskişehir and in Istanbul with a maximum flow velocity of 5 m/s and flood waves having 0.3 m height reach to the boundary of the residential area within 1 to 2 h. Flooded area in Eskişehir was estimated as 127 km2, whereas in Istanbul this area was 8.4 km2 in total.

Suggested Citation

  • Ismail Haltas & Sebnem Elçi & Gokmen Tayfur, 2016. "Numerical Simulation of Flood Wave Propagation in Two-Dimensions in Densely Populated Urban Areas due to Dam Break," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 30(15), pages 5699-5721, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:waterr:v:30:y:2016:i:15:d:10.1007_s11269-016-1344-4
    DOI: 10.1007/s11269-016-1344-4
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Vasilis Bellos & George Tsakiris, 2015. "Comparing Various Methods of Building Representation for 2D Flood Modelling In Built-Up Areas," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 29(2), pages 379-397, January.
    2. George Tsakiris & Vasilis Bellos, 2014. "A Numerical Model for Two-Dimensional Flood Routing in Complex Terrains," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 28(5), pages 1277-1291, March.
    3. Ismail Haltas & Gokmen Tayfur & Sebnem Elci, 2016. "Two-dimensional numerical modeling of flood wave propagation in an urban area due to Ürkmez dam-break, İzmir, Turkey," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 81(3), pages 2103-2119, April.
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    Cited by:

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    3. Alireza Khoshkonesh & Blaise Nsom & Farhad Bahmanpouri & Fariba Ahmadi Dehrashid & Atefeh Adeli, 2021. "Numerical Study of the Dynamics and Structure of a Partial Dam-Break Flow Using the VOF Method," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 35(5), pages 1513-1528, March.
    4. Alibek Issakhov & Medina Imanberdiyeva, 2020. "Numerical Simulation of the Water Surface Movement with Macroscopic Particles of Dam Break Flow for Various Obstacles," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 34(9), pages 2625-2640, July.
    5. R. Reshma & N. Nithila Devi & Soumendra Nath Kuiry, 2024. "Real-time urban flood modeling: exploring the sub-grid approach for accurate simulation and hazard analysis," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 120(11), pages 9609-9647, September.
    6. Francesco Macchione & Gianluca De Lorenzo & Pierfranco Costabile & Babak Razdar, 2016. "The Power Function for Representing the Reservoir Rating Curve: Morphological Meaning and Suitability for Dam Breach Modelling," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 30(13), pages 4861-4881, October.
    7. A. O. Turkel & Hasan Zaifoglu & A. M. Yanmaz, 2024. "Probabilistic modeling of dam failure scenarios: a case study of Kanlikoy Dam in Cyprus," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 120(11), pages 10087-10117, September.
    8. Neslihan Beden & Asli Ulke Keskin, 2021. "Estimation of the local financial costs of flood damage with different methodologies in Unye (Ordu), Turkey," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 108(3), pages 2835-2854, September.
    9. Gokmen Tayfur & Bihrat Onoz & Antonino Cancelliere & Luis Garrote, 2016. "Editorial: Water Resources Management in a Changing World: Challenges and Opportunities," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 30(15), pages 5553-5557, December.

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