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An Evaluation of Four Reference Evapotranspiration Models in a Subtropical Climate

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  • Ali Rahimikhoob
  • Mahmood Behbahani
  • Javad Fakheri

Abstract

This paper describes a detailed evaluation of the performance and characteristic behaviour of four equations for estimating reference evapotranspiration (ET 0 ) at eight meteorological sites in a subtropical climate. The equations assessed were: Makkink (MK), Turc (TC), Priestley–Taylor (PT) and Hargreaves (HG). The sites were distributed throughout the north of Iran and represent an intermediate humidity regime. The Penman–Monteith (PM) method was chosen as the standard for comparison and calibration of the above—mentioned four equations. Good correlation was found between the ET 0 values estimated by each of the four empirical equations and the PM method for all the locations; however MK and TC equations produced considerable underestimations. The performance of the PT and HG equations improved slightly after region-specific coefficients were developed for each equation, and the TC and MK equations were improved greatly. The modified PT equation turned out to be the most precise method, demonstrating superiority over the other methods evaluated (0.48 mm d −1 of root mean square error (RMSE)). Good performance from the modified HG equation (0.53 mm d −1 of RMSE) must be emphasized, given the simplicity of that method, which only requires maximum and minimum air temperature data. Copyright Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2012

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  • Ali Rahimikhoob & Mahmood Behbahani & Javad Fakheri, 2012. "An Evaluation of Four Reference Evapotranspiration Models in a Subtropical Climate," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 26(10), pages 2867-2881, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:waterr:v:26:y:2012:i:10:p:2867-2881
    DOI: 10.1007/s11269-012-0054-9
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Utset, Angel & Farre, Imma & Martinez-Cob, Antonio & Cavero, Jose, 2004. "Comparing Penman-Monteith and Priestley-Taylor approaches as reference-evapotranspiration inputs for modeling maize water-use under Mediterranean conditions," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 66(3), pages 205-219, May.
    2. Slavisa Trajkovic & Srdjan Kolakovic, 2009. "Evaluation of Reference Evapotranspiration Equations Under Humid Conditions," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 23(14), pages 3057-3067, November.
    3. Hossein Tabari, 2010. "Evaluation of Reference Crop Evapotranspiration Equations in Various Climates," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 24(10), pages 2311-2337, August.
    4. Landeras, Gorka & Ortiz-Barredo, Amaia & López, Jose Javier, 2008. "Comparison of artificial neural network models and empirical and semi-empirical equations for daily reference evapotranspiration estimation in the Basque Country (Northern Spain)," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 95(5), pages 553-565, May.
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