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Spatially Explicit Modeling of Land Use Specific Phosphorus Transport Pathways to Improve TMDL Load Estimates and Implementation Planning

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Diffuse pollution from urban stormwater and agricultural runoff are among the leading causes of water pollution in the USA. A process-oriented, stakeholder-driven research approach was implemented in the small heterogeneous watershed of St. Albans Bay, Vermont to model the relative load of phosphorus from all sources, including diffuse transport pathways, and compared to goals and assumptions outlined by a Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) developed for phosphorus in Lake Champlain. Mass-balance and dynamic landscape simulation models were used to describe the distribution of the average annual phosphorus load to streams (10.57 t/year) in terms of space, time, and transport process. The majority of the phosphorus load comes from two subwatersheds dominated by clay soils, Stevens and Jewett Brooks. Dissolved phosphorus in surface runoff from the agricultural landscape, driven by high soil phosphorus concentrations, accounts for 41% of the total load to watershed streams. Direct discharge from farmsteads and stormwater loads, primarily from road sand wash-off, are also significant sources. Results reported in this study could help target watershed interventions both in terms of the types and locations of recommended best management practices (BMPs). The study offers an approach to attaining TMDL diffuse pollution targets in a cost-effective and participatory manner and could be replicated for other TMDL processes around the country. Copyright Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2010

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  • Erica Gaddis & Alexey Voinov, 2010. "Spatially Explicit Modeling of Land Use Specific Phosphorus Transport Pathways to Improve TMDL Load Estimates and Implementation Planning," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 24(8), pages 1621-1644, June.
  • Handle: RePEc:spr:waterr:v:24:y:2010:i:8:p:1621-1644
    DOI: 10.1007/s11269-009-9517-z
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. H. Zeinivand & F. Smedt, 2009. "Hydrological Modeling of Snow Accumulation and Melting on River Basin Scale," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 23(11), pages 2271-2287, September.
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    1. An Liu & Ashantha Goonetilleke & Prasanna Egodawatta, 2012. "Inadequacy of Land Use and Impervious Area Fraction for Determining Urban Stormwater Quality," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 26(8), pages 2259-2265, June.
    2. Liem Tran & Robert O’Neill & Elizabeth Smith & Randall Bruins & Carol Harden, 2013. "Application of Hierarchy Theory to Cross-Scale Hydrologic Modeling of Nutrient Loads," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 27(5), pages 1601-1617, March.
    3. Erica Gaddis & Alexey Voinov & Ralf Seppelt & Donna Rizzo, 2014. "Spatial Optimization of Best Management Practices to Attain Water Quality Targets," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 28(6), pages 1485-1499, April.

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