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Gender imbalance in doctoral education: an analysis of the Spanish university system (1977–2021)

Author

Listed:
  • Rodrigo Sánchez-Jiménez

    (Universidad Complutense de Madrid)

  • Iuliana Botezan

    (Universidad Complutense de Madrid)

  • Jesús Barrasa-Rodríguez

    (Sales Engineering EMEA, Neo4j)

  • Mari Carmen Suárez-Figueroa

    (Universidad Politécnica de Madrid)

  • Manuel Blázquez-Ochando

    (Universidad Complutense de Madrid)

Abstract

Doctoral education is a key feature of university systems, as well as a basic foundation of scientific practice. That period culminates in a dissertation and examination of the candidate that has been studied from several points of view. This paper reports the results of an analysis on the evolution and characteristics of gender imbalance of a complete doctoral system for a wide period of time. Data from the database Teseo was used in order to identify the individuals involved in the process, the scientific fields in which the dissertations where classified, and the institutions in which the examination took place. Results: the Spanish system shows a clear evolution towards gender balance, but also some concerning trends that are worth tracking. Seemingly, STEM disciplines look to be evolving more slowly than other branches of science in several aspects. A leaky pipeline is characterized in this system around the roles of supervisors, candidates, members and chairs of the dissertation committees. Gender assortativity is also studied and described, and its possible effects discussed around the academic relations that surround doctoral examination.

Suggested Citation

  • Rodrigo Sánchez-Jiménez & Iuliana Botezan & Jesús Barrasa-Rodríguez & Mari Carmen Suárez-Figueroa & Manuel Blázquez-Ochando, 2023. "Gender imbalance in doctoral education: an analysis of the Spanish university system (1977–2021)," Scientometrics, Springer;Akadémiai Kiadó, vol. 128(4), pages 2577-2599, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:scient:v:128:y:2023:i:4:d:10.1007_s11192-023-04648-y
    DOI: 10.1007/s11192-023-04648-y
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    Cited by:

    1. Sánchez-Jiménez, Rodrigo & Guerrero-Castillo, Pablo & Guerrero-Bote, Vicente P. & Halevi, Gali & De-Moya-Anegón, Félix, 2024. "Analysis of the distribution of authorship by gender in scientific output: A global perspective," Journal of Informetrics, Elsevier, vol. 18(3).
    2. Elena Chechik, 2024. "Gender disparities in research fields in Russia: dissertation authors and their mentors," Scientometrics, Springer;Akadémiai Kiadó, vol. 129(6), pages 3341-3358, June.
    3. Nataly Matias-Rayme & Iuliana Botezan & Mari Carmen Suárez-Figueroa & Rodrigo Sánchez-Jiménez, 2024. "Gender assignment in doctoral theses: revisiting Teseo with a method based on cultural consensus theory," Scientometrics, Springer;Akadémiai Kiadó, vol. 129(7), pages 4553-4572, July.

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