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Costs on the Mind: The Influence of the Financial Burden of College on Academic Performance and Cognitive Functioning

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  • Mesmin Destin

    (Northwestern University)

  • Ryan C. Svoboda

    (Northwestern University)

Abstract

The current studies test the hypothesis that the financial burden of college can initiate a psychological process that has a negative influence on academic performance for students at selective colleges and universities. Prior studies linking high college costs and student loans to academic outcomes have not been grounded within relevant social psychological theory regarding how and when the financial burden of college can influence students’ psychological and cognitive processes. We test the hypothesis that the salient financial burden of college impairs students’ cognitive functioning, especially when it creates an identity conflict or perceived barrier to reaching a student’s desired financially successful future. First, we use longitudinal data from 28 selective colleges and universities to establish that students who accumulate student loan debt within these contexts are less likely to graduate from college because student loan debt predicts a decline in grades over time, even when controlling for factors related to socioeconomic status and prior achievement. Then, in an experiment, we advance research in this area with a direct, causal test of the proposed psychological process. An experimental manipulation that brings high college costs to mind impairs students’ cognitive functioning, but only when those thoughts create an identity conflict or a perceived barrier to reaching a student’s desired financially successful future.

Suggested Citation

  • Mesmin Destin & Ryan C. Svoboda, 2018. "Costs on the Mind: The Influence of the Financial Burden of College on Academic Performance and Cognitive Functioning," Research in Higher Education, Springer;Association for Institutional Research, vol. 59(3), pages 302-324, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:reihed:v:59:y:2018:i:3:d:10.1007_s11162-017-9469-8
    DOI: 10.1007/s11162-017-9469-8
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Ernest T. Pascarella & Christopher T. Pierson & Gregory C. Wolniak & Patrick T. Terenzini, 2004. "First-Generation College Students," The Journal of Higher Education, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 75(3), pages 249-284, May.
    2. Rothstein, Jesse & Rouse, Cecilia Elena, 2011. "Constrained after college: Student loans and early-career occupational choices," Journal of Public Economics, Elsevier, vol. 95(1-2), pages 149-163, February.
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    Cited by:

    1. Jieun Lee, 2024. "The Roles of Identity-Based Motivation and Perceived Instrumentality for Probationary Students’ Positive Self-Beliefs, Self-Regulation, and Performance," Research in Higher Education, Springer;Association for Institutional Research, vol. 65(4), pages 655-678, June.
    2. Jason Jabbari & Mathieu Despard & Olga Kondratjeva & Brinda Gupta & Michal Grinstein-Weiss, 2023. "Nothing to show for it: Financial Distress and Re-Enrollment Aspirations for those with non-degreed debt," Research in Higher Education, Springer;Association for Institutional Research, vol. 64(1), pages 1-32, February.

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