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Improper solutions in the analysis of covariance structures: Their interpretability and a comparison of alternate respecifications

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  • David Gerbing
  • James Anderson

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  • David Gerbing & James Anderson, 1987. "Improper solutions in the analysis of covariance structures: Their interpretability and a comparison of alternate respecifications," Psychometrika, Springer;The Psychometric Society, vol. 52(1), pages 99-111, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:psycho:v:52:y:1987:i:1:p:99-111
    DOI: 10.1007/BF02293958
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. David Rindskopf, 1984. "Using phantom and imaginary latent variables to parameterize constraints in linear structural models," Psychometrika, Springer;The Psychometric Society, vol. 49(1), pages 37-47, March.
    2. David Rindskopf, 1983. "Parameterizing inequality constraints on unique variances in linear structural models," Psychometrika, Springer;The Psychometric Society, vol. 48(1), pages 73-83, March.
    3. Karl Jöreskog, 1978. "Structural analysis of covariance and correlation matrices," Psychometrika, Springer;The Psychometric Society, vol. 43(4), pages 443-477, December.
    4. James Anderson & David Gerbing, 1984. "The effect of sampling error on convergence, improper solutions, and goodness-of-fit indices for maximum likelihood confirmatory factor analysis," Psychometrika, Springer;The Psychometric Society, vol. 49(2), pages 155-173, June.
    5. Bentler, P. M., 1983. "Simultaneous equation systems as moment structure models : With an introduction to latent variable models," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 22(1-2), pages 13-42.
    6. Sik-Yum Lee, 1980. "Estimation of covariance structure models with parameters subject to functional restraints," Psychometrika, Springer;The Psychometric Society, vol. 45(3), pages 309-324, September.
    7. K. Jöreskog, 1967. "Some contributions to maximum likelihood factor analysis," Psychometrika, Springer;The Psychometric Society, vol. 32(4), pages 443-482, December.
    8. Fornell, Claes, 1983. "Issues in the Application of Covariance Structure Analysis: A Comment," Journal of Consumer Research, Journal of Consumer Research Inc., vol. 9(4), pages 443-448, March.
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    1. David W. Gerbing & James C. Anderson, 1992. "Monte Carlo Evaluations of Goodness of Fit Indices for Structural Equation Models," Sociological Methods & Research, , vol. 21(2), pages 132-160, November.
    2. Clement Stone & Michael Sobel, 1990. "The robustness of estimates of total indirect effects in covariance structure models estimated by maximum," Psychometrika, Springer;The Psychometric Society, vol. 55(2), pages 337-352, June.
    3. Vera Carlos & Ricardo Rodrigues, 2016. "Development and Validation of a Self-Reported Measure of Job Performance," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 126(1), pages 279-307, March.
    4. Soumaya Hajji & Sedki Karoui & Ghada Nasri & Nabila Allouche & Salem Bouri, 2021. "EFA-CFA integrated approach for groundwater resources sustainability in agricultural areas under data scarcity challenge: case study of the Souassi aquifer, Central-eastern Tunisia," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 23(8), pages 12024-12043, August.
    5. Childs, Kristina K. & Bryson, Sara L. & Soderstrom, Melanie F.P. & Reed, April, 2024. "An Assessment of the Internal Structure of the Child and Adolescent Needs and Strengths (CANS) Using Two Samples of High-Risk Adolescents," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 156(C).
    6. Baldini, Nicola, 2009. "Implementing Bayh-Dole-like laws: Faculty problems and their impact on university patenting activity," Research Policy, Elsevier, vol. 38(8), pages 1217-1224, October.
    7. Eric V. Bindah & Nor Othman, 2013. "Refining and Validating a Family Communication Measure Using Exploratory and Confirmatory Factor Analysis," International Journal of Academic Research in Accounting, Finance and Management Sciences, Human Resource Management Academic Research Society, International Journal of Academic Research in Accounting, Finance and Management Sciences, vol. 3(1), pages 168-186, January.
    8. Kohei Adachi, 2013. "Factor Analysis with EM Algorithm Never Gives Improper Solutions when Sample Covariance and Initial Parameter Matrices Are Proper," Psychometrika, Springer;The Psychometric Society, vol. 78(2), pages 380-394, April.
    9. Ke-Hai Yuan & Ying Cheng & Wei Zhang, 2010. "Determinants of Standard Errors of MLEs in Confirmatory Factor Analysis," Psychometrika, Springer;The Psychometric Society, vol. 75(4), pages 633-648, December.
    10. Fritz, Wolfgang & Dees, Heiko, 2004. "Die Standardisierung des internationalen E-Marketing von Handelsunternehmen: Erste Ergebnisse eines Forschungsprojekts," Working Papers 04/01, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institute of Marketing.
    11. Kukla-Gryz, Anna, 2009. "Economic growth, international trade and air pollution: A decomposition analysis," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 68(5), pages 1329-1339, March.
    12. Alexander Weiss, 1994. "Identifying Sources of Error in Informant Reports," Evaluation Review, , vol. 18(5), pages 592-612, October.
    13. Feinian Chen & Kenneth A. Bollen & Pamela Paxton & Patrick J. Curran & James B. Kirby, 2001. "Improper Solutions in Structural Equation Models," Sociological Methods & Research, , vol. 29(4), pages 468-508, May.
    14. P. M. Bentler & Chih-Ping Chou, 1987. "Practical Issues in Structural Modeling," Sociological Methods & Research, , vol. 16(1), pages 78-117, August.

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