IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/sae/somere/v16y1987i1p78-117.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Practical Issues in Structural Modeling

Author

Listed:
  • P. M. BENTLER

    (University of California, Los Angeles)

  • CHIH-PING CHOU

    (University of California, Los Angeles)

Abstract

Practical problems that are frequently encountered in applications of covariance structure analysis are discussed and solutions are suggested. Conceptual, statistical, and practical requirements for structural modeling are reviewed to indicate how basic assumptions might be violated. Problems associated with estimation, results, and model fit are also mentioned. Various issues in each area are raised, and possible solutions are provided to encourage more appropriate and successful applications of structural modeling.

Suggested Citation

  • P. M. Bentler & Chih-Ping Chou, 1987. "Practical Issues in Structural Modeling," Sociological Methods & Research, , vol. 16(1), pages 78-117, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:sae:somere:v:16:y:1987:i:1:p:78-117
    DOI: 10.1177/0049124187016001004
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0049124187016001004
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1177/0049124187016001004?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Sik-Yum Lee & Wai-Yin Poon, 1986. "Maximum likelihood estimation of polyserial correlations," Psychometrika, Springer;The Psychometric Society, vol. 51(1), pages 113-121, March.
    2. B. Praag & T. Dijkstra & J. Velzen, 1985. "Least-squares theory based on general distributional assumptions with an application to the incomplete observations problem," Psychometrika, Springer;The Psychometric Society, vol. 50(1), pages 25-36, March.
    3. Berkane, Maria & Bentler, P. M., 1987. "Distribution of kurtoses, with estimators and tests of homogeneity of kurtosis," Statistics & Probability Letters, Elsevier, vol. 5(3), pages 201-207, April.
    4. Sik-Yum Lee & Kwok-Leung Tsui, 1982. "Covariance structure analysis in several populations," Psychometrika, Springer;The Psychometric Society, vol. 47(3), pages 297-308, September.
    5. P. Bentler, 1986. "Structural modeling and psychometrika: An historical perspective on growth and achievements," Psychometrika, Springer;The Psychometric Society, vol. 51(1), pages 35-51, March.
    6. R. Bock & Murray Aitkin, 1981. "Marginal maximum likelihood estimation of item parameters: Application of an EM algorithm," Psychometrika, Springer;The Psychometric Society, vol. 46(4), pages 443-459, December.
    7. Donald Rubin & Dorothy Thayer, 1982. "EM algorithms for ML factor analysis," Psychometrika, Springer;The Psychometric Society, vol. 47(1), pages 69-76, March.
    8. Little, Roderick J A, 1985. "A Note about Models for Selectivity Bias," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 53(6), pages 1469-1474, November.
    9. P. Bentler & David Weeks, 1980. "Linear structural equations with latent variables," Psychometrika, Springer;The Psychometric Society, vol. 45(3), pages 289-308, September.
    10. Jamshid Etezadi-Amoli & Roderick McDonald, 1983. "A second generation nonlinear factor analysis," Psychometrika, Springer;The Psychometric Society, vol. 48(3), pages 315-342, September.
    11. David Rindskopf, 1983. "Parameterizing inequality constraints on unique variances in linear structural models," Psychometrika, Springer;The Psychometric Society, vol. 48(1), pages 73-83, March.
    12. P. Bentler & Edward Freeman, 1983. "Tests for stability in linear structural equation systems," Psychometrika, Springer;The Psychometric Society, vol. 48(1), pages 143-145, March.
    13. Sik-Yum Lee, 1986. "Estimation for structural equation models with missing data," Psychometrika, Springer;The Psychometric Society, vol. 51(1), pages 93-99, March.
    14. P. Bentler, 1983. "Some contributions to efficient statistics in structural models: Specification and estimation of moment structures," Psychometrika, Springer;The Psychometric Society, vol. 48(4), pages 493-517, December.
    15. David Gerbing & James Anderson, 1987. "Improper solutions in the analysis of covariance structures: Their interpretability and a comparison of alternate respecifications," Psychometrika, Springer;The Psychometric Society, vol. 52(1), pages 99-111, March.
    16. Lee, Sik-Yum, 1985. "Analysis of covariance and correlation structures," Computational Statistics & Data Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 2(4), pages 279-295, February.
    17. Ab Mooijaart, 1985. "Factor analysis for non-normal variables," Psychometrika, Springer;The Psychometric Society, vol. 50(3), pages 323-342, September.
    18. James Steiger & Alexander Shapiro & Michael Browne, 1985. "On the multivariate asymptotic distribution of sequential Chi-square statistics," Psychometrika, Springer;The Psychometric Society, vol. 50(3), pages 253-263, September.
    19. Bengt Muthén, 1984. "A general structural equation model with dichotomous, ordered categorical, and continuous latent variable indicators," Psychometrika, Springer;The Psychometric Society, vol. 49(1), pages 115-132, March.
    20. Chamberlain, Gary, 1982. "Multivariate regression models for panel data," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 18(1), pages 5-46, January.
    21. Roger Bowden, 1986. "Self-selection biases in correlational studies based on questionnaires," Psychometrika, Springer;The Psychometric Society, vol. 51(2), pages 313-325, June.
    22. P. Bentler & Jeffrey Tanaka, 1983. "Problems with EM algorithms for ML factor analysis," Psychometrika, Springer;The Psychometric Society, vol. 48(2), pages 247-251, June.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Tsonaka, R. & Moustaki, I., 2007. "Parameter constraints in generalized linear latent variable models," Computational Statistics & Data Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 51(9), pages 4164-4177, May.
    2. Roderick McDonald, 1986. "Describing the elephant: Structure and function in multivariate data," Psychometrika, Springer;The Psychometric Society, vol. 51(4), pages 513-534, December.
    3. Lawrence S. Mayer & Steven S. Carroll, 1988. "Measures of Dependence for Cross-Lagged Panel Models," Sociological Methods & Research, , vol. 17(1), pages 93-120, August.
    4. Albert Satorra, 1989. "Alternative test criteria in covariance structure analysis: A unified approach," Psychometrika, Springer;The Psychometric Society, vol. 54(1), pages 131-151, March.
    5. Wai Chan & Peter M. Bentler, 1993. "The Covariance Structure Analysis of Ipsative Data," Sociological Methods & Research, , vol. 22(2), pages 214-247, November.
    6. Ke-Hai Yuan & Ying Cheng & Wei Zhang, 2010. "Determinants of Standard Errors of MLEs in Confirmatory Factor Analysis," Psychometrika, Springer;The Psychometric Society, vol. 75(4), pages 633-648, December.
    7. Hugo Horta & João M. Santos, 2016. "An instrument to measure individuals’ research agenda setting: the multi-dimensional research agendas inventory," Scientometrics, Springer;Akadémiai Kiadó, vol. 108(3), pages 1243-1265, September.
    8. Aßmann, Christian & Boysen-Hogrefe, Jens & Pape, Markus, 2014. "Bayesian analysis of dynamic factor models: An ex-post approach towards the rotation problem," Kiel Working Papers 1902, Kiel Institute for the World Economy (IfW Kiel).
    9. Gregory Camilli & Jean-Paul Fox, 2015. "An Aggregate IRT Procedure for Exploratory Factor Analysis," Journal of Educational and Behavioral Statistics, , vol. 40(4), pages 377-401, August.
    10. Anne Boomsma, 1985. "Nonconvergence, improper solutions, and starting values in lisrel maximum likelihood estimation," Psychometrika, Springer;The Psychometric Society, vol. 50(2), pages 229-242, June.
    11. Bai, Jushan, 2024. "Likelihood approach to dynamic panel models with interactive effects," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 240(1).
    12. Clement Stone & Michael Sobel, 1990. "The robustness of estimates of total indirect effects in covariance structure models estimated by maximum," Psychometrika, Springer;The Psychometric Society, vol. 55(2), pages 337-352, June.
    13. Ke-Hai Yuan & Peter M. Bentler & Wei Zhang, 2005. "The Effect of Skewness and Kurtosis on Mean and Covariance Structure Analysis," Sociological Methods & Research, , vol. 34(2), pages 240-258, November.
    14. Luzar, E. Jane & Gan, Christopher E.C. & Kanjilal, Barun & Messonnier, Mark L., 1992. "Quality As A Latent Variable In Recreation Access Analysis," Southern Journal of Agricultural Economics, Southern Agricultural Economics Association, vol. 24(2), pages 1-8, December.
    15. Leila Karimi & Denny Meyer, 2014. "Structural Equation Modeling in Psychology: The History, Development and Current Challenges," International Journal of Psychological Studies, Canadian Center of Science and Education, vol. 6(4), pages 123-123, December.
    16. P. Bentler, 1986. "Structural modeling and psychometrika: An historical perspective on growth and achievements," Psychometrika, Springer;The Psychometric Society, vol. 51(1), pages 35-51, March.
    17. Sik-Yum Lee & Hong-Tu Zhu, 2002. "Maximum likelihood estimation of nonlinear structural equation models," Psychometrika, Springer;The Psychometric Society, vol. 67(2), pages 189-210, June.
    18. Claudia Klüppelberg & Gabriel Kuhn, 2009. "Copula structure analysis," Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series B, Royal Statistical Society, vol. 71(3), pages 737-753, June.
    19. Kohei Adachi, 2013. "Factor Analysis with EM Algorithm Never Gives Improper Solutions when Sample Covariance and Initial Parameter Matrices Are Proper," Psychometrika, Springer;The Psychometric Society, vol. 78(2), pages 380-394, April.
    20. Wan-Lun Wang & Min Liu & Tsung-I Lin, 2017. "Robust skew-t factor analysis models for handling missing data," Statistical Methods & Applications, Springer;Società Italiana di Statistica, vol. 26(4), pages 649-672, November.

    More about this item

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:sae:somere:v:16:y:1987:i:1:p:78-117. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: SAGE Publications (email available below). General contact details of provider: .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.