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Humanization of Care: Key Elements Identified by Patients, Caregivers, and Healthcare Providers. A Systematic Review

Author

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  • Isolde M. Busch

    (University of Verona, Policlinico G.B. Rossi)

  • Francesca Moretti

    (University of Verona)

  • Giulia Travaini

    (University of Verona)

  • Albert W. Wu

    (Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health)

  • Michela Rimondini

    (University of Verona, Policlinico G.B. Rossi)

Abstract

Background Given the automatization of care and rationing of time and staff due to economic imperatives, often resulting in dehumanized care, the concept of ‘humanization of care’ has been increasingly discussed in the scientific literature. However, it is still an indistinct concept, lacking well-defined dimensions and to date no literature review has tried to capture it. Objectives The objectives of this systematic review were to identify the key elements of humanization of care by investigating stakeholders’ (patients, patients’ caregivers, healthcare providers) perspectives and to assess barriers and strategies for its implementation. Methods We carried out a systematic search of five electronic databases up to December 2017 as well as examining additional sources (e.g., gray literature). Search terms included “humanization/humanisation of care” and “dehumanization/dehumanisation of care”. We conducted a thematic synthesis of the extracted study findings to identify descriptive themes and produce key elements. Results Of 1327 records retrieved, 14 full-text articles were included in the review. Three main areas (relational, organizational, structural) and 30 key elements (e.g., relationship bonding, holistic approach, adequate working conditions) emerged. Several barriers to implementation of humanization of care exist in all areas. Conclusion Our systematic review and synthesis contributes to a deeper understanding of the concept of humanization of care. The proposed key elements are expected to serve as preliminary guidance for healthcare institutions aiming to overcome challenges in various forms and achieve humanized and efficient care. Future studies need to fully examine specific practices of humanized care and test quantitatively their effectiveness by examining psychosocial and health outcomes.

Suggested Citation

  • Isolde M. Busch & Francesca Moretti & Giulia Travaini & Albert W. Wu & Michela Rimondini, 2019. "Humanization of Care: Key Elements Identified by Patients, Caregivers, and Healthcare Providers. A Systematic Review," The Patient: Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Springer;International Academy of Health Preference Research, vol. 12(5), pages 461-474, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:patien:v:12:y:2019:i:5:d:10.1007_s40271-019-00370-1
    DOI: 10.1007/s40271-019-00370-1
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. David Moher & Alessandro Liberati & Jennifer Tetzlaff & Douglas G Altman & The PRISMA Group, 2009. "Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses: The PRISMA Statement," PLOS Medicine, Public Library of Science, vol. 6(7), pages 1-6, July.
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    7. Joanna Dec-Pietrowska & Agnieszka J. Szczepek, 2021. "A Study of Differences in Compulsory Courses Offering Medicine Humanization and Medical Communication in Polish Medical Schools: Content Analysis of Secondary Data," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(24), pages 1-13, December.
    8. Martina Giusti & Claudia Cosma & Stefania Simoni & Niccolò Persiani, 2022. "The Contribution of Cultural Heritage Owned by Local Health Authorities in the Humanization of Care: The Point of View of Top Management," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(24), pages 1-11, December.
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