IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/spr/nathaz/v70y2014i1p93-118.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Soil responses near Delhi ridge and adjacent regions in Greater Delhi during incidence of a local earthquake

Author

Listed:
  • H. Mandal
  • P. Khan
  • A. Shukla

Abstract

In this study, soil response was carried out for the Greater Delhi region. A folded Proterozoic formation was identified as Delhi ridge, passes through its central part along SSW–NNE direction, and appears to be a main geomorphic feature for the study area. The Delhi ridge is an exposed quartzite rock of about 10–100 m wide and ~25 km long with gentler dipping both toward east and west. We have considered the exposed part as an outcrop side near the ridge axis and the dipping area as rigid base away from the ridge axis for ground motion study during the occurrence of the 25 November 2007 earthquake with magnitude M L 4.3 (Richter scale) that occurred at Delhi–Haryana State boundary. The degree of shaking was very strong and reported major cracks in the buildings near the epicenter area. We have studied the soil response parameters at the surface level, considering horizontally stratified soil layers above rigid base. The equivalent linear method was used for soil response analysis at 25 sites in Greater Delhi area. The peak amplification factors vary from 3.2 to 5.9 and peak resonance frequency varies from 1.2 to 5.3 Hz. The correlation among the peak amplification factor (A) and frequency (f) was empirically established as A = 0.36f + 3.60. Increasing peak amplification factor was found at sites with increasingly thicker alluvium deposit with lower frequency contains ground motion and vice versa. Seismic zoning map was also reconstructed for peak amplification factors and predominant periods for the study area for the mitigation purposes of earthquake damage. The average shear wave velocity up to 30 m soil depth is also obtained for site classification. The average velocity to 30 m [ $$ \overline{{V_{\text{s}} }} (30) $$ ] is a widely used parameter for classifying sites for predicting their potentiality to amplify seismic shaking. A lower value [ $$ \overline{{V_{\text{s}} }} (30) $$ ] thus yields a more conservative estimate of ground motion, which generally increases as $$ \overline{{V_{\text{s}} }} (30) $$ decreases. Present estimate of $$ \overline{{V_{\text{s}} }} (30) $$ varies from 315 to 419 m/s. In this study, we have identified two site classes C and D, as per National Earthquake Hazard Reduction Program. The city planner or engineers can directly use these data for site-specific assessment during retrofitting of the existing structure, demolition of the old buildings and design a new structure to avoid major destruction of the buildings due to future earthquake. Copyright The Author(s) 2014

Suggested Citation

  • H. Mandal & P. Khan & A. Shukla, 2014. "Soil responses near Delhi ridge and adjacent regions in Greater Delhi during incidence of a local earthquake," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 70(1), pages 93-118, January.
  • Handle: RePEc:spr:nathaz:v:70:y:2014:i:1:p:93-118
    DOI: 10.1007/s11069-012-0098-4
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1007/s11069-012-0098-4
    Download Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.

    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1007/s11069-012-0098-4?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. S. Chowdhuri & O. Singh & R. Majumdar, 2011. "Site response studies in Agartala Urban agglomeration," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 59(1), pages 329-345, October.
    2. A. Mahajan & V. Thakur & Mukat Sharma & Mukesh Chauhan, 2010. "Probabilistic seismic hazard map of NW Himalaya and its adjoining area, India," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 53(3), pages 443-457, June.
    3. G. Joshi & M. Sharma, 2011. "Strong ground-motion prediction and uncertainties estimation for Delhi, India," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 59(2), pages 617-637, November.
    4. William Mohanty & M. Walling & Sankar Nath & Indrajit Pal, 2007. "First Order Seismic Microzonation of Delhi, India Using Geographic Information System (GIS)," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 40(2), pages 245-260, February.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. G. Joshi & M. Sharma, 2011. "Strong ground-motion prediction and uncertainties estimation for Delhi, India," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 59(2), pages 617-637, November.
    2. Abhishek Kumar & P. Anbazhagan & T. Sitharam, 2013. "Seismic hazard analysis of Lucknow considering local and active seismic gaps," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 69(1), pages 327-350, October.
    3. R. Sivakumar & Snehasish Ghosh, 2017. "Determination of threshold energy for the development of seismic energy anomaly model through integrated geotectonic and geoinformatics approach," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 86(2), pages 711-740, March.
    4. D. Shukla & C. Dubey & A. Ningreichon & R. Singh & B. Mishra & S. Singh, 2014. "GIS-based morpho-tectonic studies of Alaknanda river basin: a precursor for hazard zonation," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 71(3), pages 1433-1452, April.
    5. Sukanta Malakar & Abhishek K. Rai & Arun K. Gupta, 2023. "Earthquake risk mapping in the Himalayas by integrated analytical hierarchy process, entropy with neural network," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 116(1), pages 951-975, March.
    6. Ramees R. Mir & Imtiyaz A. Parvez, 2020. "Ground motion modelling in northwestern Himalaya using stochastic finite-fault method," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 103(2), pages 1989-2007, September.
    7. Hemchandra Chaulagain & Hugo Rodrigues & Vitor Silva & Enrico Spacone & Humberto Varum, 2015. "Seismic risk assessment and hazard mapping in Nepal," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 78(1), pages 583-602, August.
    8. Madan Mohan Rout & Josodhir Das & Kamal, 2018. "Probabilistic seismic hazard for Himalayan region using kernel estimation method (zone-free method)," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 93(2), pages 967-985, September.
    9. Navdeep Agrawal & Laxmi Gupta & Jagabandhu Dixit, 2021. "Assessment of the Socioeconomic Vulnerability to Seismic Hazards in the National Capital Region of India Using Factor Analysis," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(17), pages 1-19, August.
    10. Chhavi Choudhary & Mukat Lal Sharma, 2018. "Global strain rates in western to central Himalayas and their implications in seismic hazard assessment," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 94(3), pages 1211-1224, December.
    11. Singh Mridula & Amita Sinvhal & Hans Raj Wason & Swati Singh Rajput, 2016. "Segmentation of Main Boundary Thrust and Main Central Thrust in Western Himalaya for assessment of seismic hazard," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 84(1), pages 383-403, October.
    12. P. Anbazhagan & Athul Prabhakaran & H. Madhura & Sayed S. R. Moustafa & Nassir S. N. Al-Arifi, 2017. "Selection of representative shear modulus reduction and damping curves for rock, gravel and sand sites from the KiK-Net downhole array," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 88(3), pages 1741-1768, September.
    13. Asim Bashir & Dhiman Basu, 2018. "Revisiting probabilistic seismic hazard analysis of Gujarat: an assessment of Indian design spectra," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 91(3), pages 1127-1164, April.
    14. Manisha Sandhu & Babita Sharma & Himanshu Mittal & R. B. S. Yadav & Dinesh Kumar & S. S. Teotia, 2020. "Simulation of strong ground motion due to active Sohna fault in Delhi, National Capital Region (NCR) of India: an implication for imminent plausible seismic hazard," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 104(3), pages 2389-2408, December.
    15. P. Anbazhagan & Ketan Bajaj & Satyajit Patel, 2015. "Seismic hazard maps and spectrum for Patna considering region-specific seismotectonic parameters," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 78(2), pages 1163-1195, September.
    16. Muge Akin & Tamer Topal & Steven Kramer, 2013. "A newly developed seismic microzonation model of Erbaa (Tokat, Turkey) located on seismically active eastern segment of the North Anatolian Fault Zone (NAFZ)," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 65(3), pages 1411-1442, February.
    17. Masoud Taghvaei & Neda Rahmani & Mahsa Akrami, 2016. "An Analysis on Locating and Finding the Most Appropriate Option in Order to Shifting Capital in Iran," Modern Applied Science, Canadian Center of Science and Education, vol. 10(8), pages 1-18, August.
    18. Noureen Ali & Akhtar Alam & M. Sultan Bhat & Bilquis Shah, 2022. "Using historical data for developing a hazard and disaster profile of the Kashmir valley for the period 1900–2020," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 114(2), pages 1609-1646, November.
    19. Sreevalsa Kolathayar, 2021. "Recent seismicity in Delhi and population exposure to seismic hazard," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 109(3), pages 2621-2648, December.
    20. Ali Shafiee & Mohsen Kamalian & Mohammad Jafari & Hossein Hamzehloo, 2011. "Ground motion studies for microzonation in Iran," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 59(1), pages 481-505, October.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:spr:nathaz:v:70:y:2014:i:1:p:93-118. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Sonal Shukla or Springer Nature Abstracting and Indexing (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.springer.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.