Micro Foundation of Cultural and Creative Clusters: The Knowledge-based View

Cultural and creative clusters (CCCs) have been a crucial driving force to generate economic, cultural, and social impacts. However, few studies have investigated theories about how the spatial clustering of CCCs differs from that of traditional technology-based clusters (TBCs). To address this gap, we adopted the systematic literature review methodology to conduct a comprehensive comparison between CCCs and TBCs by drawing on the knowledge-based view (KBV). Based on our review of the literature, we argue that, as a boundary-specific resource, the local cultural knowledge (LCK) plays a central role in the development of CCCs. The paper explores the creation, diffusion, and utilization of LCK, facilitating the development of CCCs through three dimensions: urban regeneration, cultural preservation, and well-being promotion. Moreover, we further propose a triple-helix model of three interactive mechanisms among these three dimensions, namely gentrification, identification, and holistic sustainability. Three research propositions for developing successful CCCs are proposed. The paper concludes that the creation, diffusion, and utilization of LCK foster regional economic renewal, cultural preservation, and social welfare in a harmonious way. Some policy implications are suggested.