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The Development of the Positive Emotion Assessment of Contentment Experience (PEACE) Scale

Author

Listed:
  • Daniel T. Cordaro

    (The Contentment Foundation)

  • Christina Bradley

    (Yale University
    The Contentment Foundation)

  • Jia Wei Zhang

    (The University of Memphis)

  • Franklyn Zhu

    (Yale University)

  • Rachel Han

    (Yale University)

Abstract

Contentment is an emotion that arises from the perception of completeness in life. Through a series of validation studies, the purpose of this work was to develop a scale of dispositional contentment, The Positive Emotion Assessment of Contentment Experience (PEACE) Scale. The PEACE Scale demonstrated favorable psychometric properties, including single factor structure, high internal consistency (α = .93), temporal reliability (r = .86), and construct and predictive validity. Scores on the PEACE Scale were positively correlated with all Big Five personality traits except for neuroticism. Scores also correlated positively with unconditional self-acceptance, and negatively with depression, anxiety, and stress. In addition, high levels of contentment were predictive of lower materialism and greed. Potential uses of the scale are discussed.

Suggested Citation

  • Daniel T. Cordaro & Christina Bradley & Jia Wei Zhang & Franklyn Zhu & Rachel Han, 2021. "The Development of the Positive Emotion Assessment of Contentment Experience (PEACE) Scale," Journal of Happiness Studies, Springer, vol. 22(4), pages 1769-1790, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:jhappi:v:22:y:2021:i:4:d:10.1007_s10902-020-00295-9
    DOI: 10.1007/s10902-020-00295-9
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    2. Jackson, Tim, 2002. "Evolutionary psychology in ecological economics: consilience, consumption and contentment," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 41(2), pages 289-303, May.
    3. Richins, Marsha L & Dawson, Scott, 1992. "A Consumer Values Orientation for Materialism and Its Measurement: Scale Development and Validation," Journal of Consumer Research, Journal of Consumer Research Inc., vol. 19(3), pages 303-316, December.
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    Cited by:

    1. Shane Enete & Martin Seay & Sarah Asebedo & David Wang & Megan McCoy, 2022. "Understanding the influence of emotion on both time and money: applying the broaden and build theory," SN Business & Economics, Springer, vol. 2(5), pages 1-24, May.
    2. Yubin Yuan & Xueyan Ji & Xiaoming Yang & Chen Wang & Shamsulariffin Samsudin & Roxana Dev Omar Dev, 2022. "The Effect of Persistence of Physical Exercise on the Positive Psychological Emotions of Primary School Students under the STEAM Education Concept," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(18), pages 1-15, September.

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