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The severe drought of 1876–1878 in North China and possible causes

Author

Listed:
  • Zhixin Hao

    (Chinese Academy of Sciences
    University of Chinese Academy of Sciences)

  • Mengxin Bai

    (Chinese Academy of Sciences
    University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
    Beijing Normal University)

  • Danyang Xiong

    (Chinese Academy of Sciences
    University of Chinese Academy of Sciences)

  • Yang Liu

    (Chinese Academy of Sciences
    University of Chinese Academy of Sciences)

  • Jingyun Zheng

    (Chinese Academy of Sciences
    University of Chinese Academy of Sciences)

Abstract

An extreme drought occurred from 1876 to 1878 in most regions of northern China, leading to a series of social impacts, including harvest failures, price inflation, and population migration. Most regions of the Northern Hemisphere concurrently experienced extreme drought. Here, we use reconstructed high-resolution hydroclimatic (Palmer Drought Severity Index/precipitation) datasets and investigate the seasonal–annual hydroclimatic spatial patterns and drought intensity in North China from 1876 to 1878. Furthermore, we select combined sea surface temperature (SST) modes with positive Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD)/Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) and El Niño conditions from the 1200-year control run simulations of HadCM3 to determine the possible causes of this severe drought. The extent and intensity of the selected SST modes are similar to those in the Pacific and Indian oceans during the 1876–1878 period from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Extended Reconstructed Sea Surface Temperature (ERSST) dataset. The results show that the large-scale drought of 1876–1878 is mainly driven by El Niño and a positive PDO, while the effect of IOD is not significant. El Niño may trigger the circumglobal teleconnection of the Northern Hemisphere. And, the meridional disturbance of the eastward Rossby wave train at mid-latitudes may change the intensity of the troughs and ridges and further block water vapor transport from ocean to land.

Suggested Citation

  • Zhixin Hao & Mengxin Bai & Danyang Xiong & Yang Liu & Jingyun Zheng, 2021. "The severe drought of 1876–1878 in North China and possible causes," Climatic Change, Springer, vol. 167(1), pages 1-17, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:climat:v:167:y:2021:i:1:d:10.1007_s10584-021-03127-8
    DOI: 10.1007/s10584-021-03127-8
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Jingyun Zheng & Lingbo Xiao & Xiuqi Fang & Zhixin Hao & Quansheng Ge & Beibei Li, 2014. "How climate change impacted the collapse of the Ming dynasty," Climatic Change, Springer, vol. 127(2), pages 169-182, November.
    2. Aiguo Dai, 2013. "Increasing drought under global warming in observations and models," Nature Climate Change, Nature, vol. 3(1), pages 52-58, January.
    3. Jim M. Haywood & Andy Jones & Nicolas Bellouin & David Stephenson, 2013. "Asymmetric forcing from stratospheric aerosols impacts Sahelian rainfall," Nature Climate Change, Nature, vol. 3(7), pages 660-665, July.
    4. Aiguo Dai, 2013. "Erratum: Increasing drought under global warming in observations and models," Nature Climate Change, Nature, vol. 3(2), pages 171-171, February.
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