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No consensus on consensus: the challenge of finding a universal approach to measuring and mapping ensemble consistency in GCM projections

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  • Carol McSweeney
  • Richard Jones

Abstract

Communicating information about consistency in projections is crucial to the successful understanding, interpretation and appropriate application of information from climate models about future climate and its uncertainties. However, mapping the consistency of model projections in such a way that this information is communicated clearly remains a challenge that several recently published papers have sought to address in the run up to the IPCC AR5. We highlight that three remaining issues have not been fully addressed by the literature to date. Allen and Ingram ( Nature 419:224, 2002 ) While additional information about regions where projected changes in rainfall are not ‘statistically significant’ can provide useful information for policy, the spatial scale at which changes are assessed has a substantial impact on the signal-to-noise ratio, and thus the detectability of changes. We demonstrate that by spatially smoothing the model projections we can provide more information about the nature of the signal for larger regions of the world. Christensen et al. ( 2007 ) Combining information about magnitude, consistency and statistical significance of projected changes in a single map can cause reduced legibility. We demonstrate the difficulty in finding a ‘universal’ method suitable for a wide range of audiences DEFRA ( 2012 ) We highlight that regions where projected changes in average rainfall are not statistically significant, changes in variability may still cause significant impacts. We stress the need to communicate this effectively in order to avoid mis-leading users. Finally, we comment on regions of the world where messages for users of climate information about ensemble consistency have changed since AR4, noting that these changes are due largely to changes in the methods of measuring consistency rather than any discernable differences between the CMIP3 and CMIP5 ensembles. Copyright Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 2013

Suggested Citation

  • Carol McSweeney & Richard Jones, 2013. "No consensus on consensus: the challenge of finding a universal approach to measuring and mapping ensemble consistency in GCM projections," Climatic Change, Springer, vol. 119(3), pages 617-629, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:climat:v:119:y:2013:i:3:p:617-629
    DOI: 10.1007/s10584-013-0781-9
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Myles R. Allen & William J. Ingram, 2002. "Constraints on future changes in climate and the hydrologic cycle," Nature, Nature, vol. 419(6903), pages 224-232, September.
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    1. Yue Sui & Xianmei Lang & Dabang Jiang, 2014. "Time of emergence of climate signals over China under the RCP4.5 scenario," Climatic Change, Springer, vol. 125(2), pages 265-276, July.
    2. Ralph Trancoso & Jozef Syktus & Richard P. Allan & Jacky Croke & Ove Hoegh-Guldberg & Robin Chadwick, 2024. "Significantly wetter or drier future conditions for one to two thirds of the world’s population," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-11, December.

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