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The Differential Effects of Perceived Social Support on Adolescent Hope: Testing the Moderating Effects of Age and Gender

Author

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  • Caché M. Archer

    (University of Memphis)

  • Xu Jiang

    (University of Memphis)

  • Idia B. Thurston

    (University of Memphis)

  • Randy G. Floyd

    (University of Memphis)

Abstract

In an effort to deepen our understanding of the development of one future-oriented psychological strength, hope, we examined how multiple sources of perceived social support (i.e., parent, teacher, classmate, friend) predicted hope and if these relations were moderated by age and gender in adolescents across a 1-year time span. Our sample was composed of adolescents in middle and high schools with ages ranging from 10 to 19 years old (Mage = 14.19, SD = 2.05) living in the United States (N = 991). The results showed that perceived social support from parents significantly predicted later hope in adolescents, and this relation was moderated by age but not gender. Specifically, the effect of perceived social support from parents on later hope declined as age increased. Perceived social support from teachers, classmates, and friends did not predict later hope, after controlling for baseline hope and race; neither age nor gender moderated the relation between these sources of social support and hope. These findings suggest that it is necessary to consider the developmental needs associated with ages within adolescence when promoting adolescents’ hope, especially in the family context. Future directions to extend the understanding of hope development and implications of the findings in mental health practices are discussed.

Suggested Citation

  • Caché M. Archer & Xu Jiang & Idia B. Thurston & Randy G. Floyd, 2019. "The Differential Effects of Perceived Social Support on Adolescent Hope: Testing the Moderating Effects of Age and Gender," Child Indicators Research, Springer;The International Society of Child Indicators (ISCI), vol. 12(6), pages 2079-2094, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:chinre:v:12:y:2019:i:6:d:10.1007_s12187-019-9628-x
    DOI: 10.1007/s12187-019-9628-x
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Xu Jiang & E. Huebner & James Siddall, 2013. "A Short-Term Longitudinal Study of Differential Sources of School-Related Social Support and Adolescents’ School Satisfaction," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 114(3), pages 1073-1086, December.
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    Cited by:

    1. Adem Peker & Serkan Cengiz, 2023. "Academic Monitoring and Support from Teachers and School Satisfaction: The Sequential Mediation Effect of Hope and Academic Grit," Child Indicators Research, Springer;The International Society of Child Indicators (ISCI), vol. 16(4), pages 1553-1579, August.
    2. Xin Chen & Yonghong Ma & Ruilin Wu & Xia Liu, 2021. "Moderating Roles of Social Support in the Association between Hope and Life Satisfaction among Ethnic Minority College Students in China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(5), pages 1-10, February.
    3. Zhu, Xiaoqin & Shek, Daniel TL, 2021. "Parental factors and adolescent well-being: Associations between developmental trajectories," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 127(C).
    4. Roni Laslo-Roth & Sivan George-Levi, 2022. "Hopeful Woman, Happy Couple: A Dyadic Model of Hope, Partner Support, and Relationship Satisfaction," Journal of Happiness Studies, Springer, vol. 23(5), pages 2201-2216, June.
    5. Xiaoqin Zhu & Daniel T. L. Shek, 2020. "The Influence of Adolescent Problem Behaviors on Life Satisfaction: Parent–Child Subsystem Qualities as Mediators," Child Indicators Research, Springer;The International Society of Child Indicators (ISCI), vol. 13(5), pages 1767-1789, October.
    6. Xu Jiang & Dexin Shi & Allyson K. Topps & Caché M. Archer, 2020. "From Family Support to Goal-Directed Behaviors: Examining the Mediating Role of Cognitive Well-Being Factors," Journal of Happiness Studies, Springer, vol. 21(3), pages 1015-1035, March.

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