Pareto-optimal reinsurance policies in the presence of individual risk constraints

The notion of Pareto optimality is commonly employed to formulate decisions that reconcile the conflicting interests of multiple agents with possibly different risk preferences. In the context of a one-period reinsurance market comprising an insurer and a reinsurer, both of which perceive risk via distortion risk measures, also known as dual utilities, this article characterizes the set of Pareto-optimal reinsurance policies analytically and visualizes the insurer–reinsurer trade-off structure geometrically. The search of these policies is tackled by translating it mathematically into a functional minimization problem involving a weighted average of the insurer’s risk and the reinsurer’s risk. The resulting solutions not only cast light on the structure of the Pareto-optimal contracts, but also allow us to portray the resulting insurer–reinsurer Pareto frontier graphically. In addition to providing a pictorial manifestation of the compromise reached between the insurer and reinsurer, an enormous merit of developing the Pareto frontier is the considerable ease with which Pareto-optimal reinsurance policies can be constructed even in the presence of the insurer’s and reinsurer’s individual risk constraints. A strikingly simple graphical search of these constrained policies is performed in the special cases of Value-at-Risk and Tail Value-at-Risk.