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“Safer to plant corn and beans”? Navigating the challenges and opportunities of agricultural diversification in the U.S. Corn Belt

Author

Listed:
  • Rebecca Traldi

    (Purdue University)

  • Lauren Asprooth

    (Purdue University)

  • Emily M. Usher

    (Purdue University)

  • Kristin Floress

    (USDA Forest Service)

  • J. Gordon Arbuckle

    (Iowa State University)

  • Megan Baskerville

    (The Nature Conservancy)

  • Sarah P. Church

    (Montana State University)

  • Ken Genskow

    (University of Wisconsin-Madison)

  • Seth Harden

    (The Nature Conservancy)

  • Elizabeth T. Maynard

    (Purdue University)

  • Aaron William Thompson

    (Purdue University)

  • Ariana P. Torres

    (Purdue University)

  • Linda S. Prokopy

    (Purdue University)

Abstract

Agricultural diversification in the Midwestern Corn Belt has the potential to improve socioeconomic and environmental outcomes by buffering farmers from environmental and economic shocks and improving soil, water, and air quality. However, complex barriers related to agricultural markets, individual behavior, social norms, and government policy constrain diversification in this region. This study examines farmer perspectives regarding the challenges and opportunities for both corn and soybean production and agricultural diversification strategies. We analyze data from 20 focus groups with 100 participants conducted in Indiana, Illinois, and Iowa through a combined inductive and deductive approach, drawing upon interpretive grounded theory. Our results suggest that when identifying challenges and opportunities, participants center economics and market considerations, particularly income, productivity, and market access. These themes are emphasized both as benefits of the current corn-soybean system, as well as challenges for diversification. Additionally, logistical, resource and behavioral hurdles– including the comparative difficulty and time required to diversify, and constraints in accessing land, labor, and technical support– are emphasized by participants as key barriers to diversification. Agricultural policies shape these challenges, enhancing the comparative advantage and decreasing the risk of producing corn and soybeans as compared to diversified products. Meanwhile, alternative marketing arrangements, farmer networks, family relationships, and improved soil health are highlighted as important opportunities for diversification. We contextualize our findings within the theories of reasoned action and diffusion of innovation, and explore their implications for farmer engagement, markets, and agricultural policy, and the development of additional resources for business and technical support.

Suggested Citation

  • Rebecca Traldi & Lauren Asprooth & Emily M. Usher & Kristin Floress & J. Gordon Arbuckle & Megan Baskerville & Sarah P. Church & Ken Genskow & Seth Harden & Elizabeth T. Maynard & Aaron William Thomps, 2024. "“Safer to plant corn and beans”? Navigating the challenges and opportunities of agricultural diversification in the U.S. Corn Belt," Agriculture and Human Values, Springer;The Agriculture, Food, & Human Values Society (AFHVS), vol. 41(4), pages 1687-1706, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:agrhuv:v:41:y:2024:i:4:d:10.1007_s10460-024-10570-7
    DOI: 10.1007/s10460-024-10570-7
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Durant, Jennie L. & Asprooth, Lauren & Galt, Ryan E. & Schmulevich, Sasha Pesci & Manser, Gwyneth M. & Pinzón, Natalia, 2023. "Farm resilience during the COVID-19 pandemic: The case of California direct market farmers," Agricultural Systems, Elsevier, vol. 204(C).
    2. Ranjan, Pranay & Wardropper, Chloe B. & Eanes, Francis R. & Reddy, Sheila M.W. & Harden, Seth C. & Masuda, Yuta J. & Prokopy, Linda S., 2019. "Understanding barriers and opportunities for adoption of conservation practices on rented farmland in the US," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 80(C), pages 214-223.
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    5. Linda S. Prokopy & Benjamin M. Gramig & Alisha Bower & Sarah P. Church & Brenna Ellison & Philip W. Gassman & Ken Genskow & Douglas Gucker & Steve G. Hallett & Jason Hill & Natalie Hunt & Kris A. John, 2020. "The urgency of transforming the Midwestern U.S. landscape into more than corn and soybean," Agriculture and Human Values, Springer;The Agriculture, Food, & Human Values Society (AFHVS), vol. 37(3), pages 537-539, September.
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