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Participation, empowerment, and farmer evaluations: A comparative analysis of IPM technology generation in Nicaragua

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  • Kristen Nelson

Abstract

The heated debate over the limited impact of integrated pest management (IPM) in Central American agriculture suggests that we need to investigate the mechanisms of IPM technology generation. CATIE/MAG-IPM Nicaragua initiated a comparative study of two prototypic models with tomato farmers in the Sébaco Valley, in 1990–91. I created two ideal types from the literature: the scientist-led and farmer-led models. Each model was represented by three different communities. The study focused on the: 1) technology generation process, 2) IPM technologies and farmer opinion of IPM, 3) forms of participation and empowerment by farmers and scientists, and 4) institutionalization of the two models. The investigation methodology consisted of intensive pre- and post-program interviews, participant observation, and statistical analysis of experimental insect and production variables. This paper focuses on farmer participation, empowerment, and evaluation of the two models. In the farmer-led model, farmer participation was greater than in the scientist-led model in number of farmers and farm units involved. They achieved five forms of influence, and six out of eight levels of empowerment in the farmer-led model. In the scientistled model, farmers achieved two forms of influence and two out of eight levels of empowerment. Farmer evaluations were varied and complex. In general, farmers in the scientist-led model encouraged CATIE/MAG-IPM to host more meetings and expand farmer involvement. In the farmer-led model the farmers enjoyed the biological information, new technologies, and discussion. They suggested changes for future meetings. Copyright Kluwer Academic Publishers 1994

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  • Kristen Nelson, 1994. "Participation, empowerment, and farmer evaluations: A comparative analysis of IPM technology generation in Nicaragua," Agriculture and Human Values, Springer;The Agriculture, Food, & Human Values Society (AFHVS), vol. 11(2), pages 109-125, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:agrhuv:v:11:y:1994:i:2:p:109-125
    DOI: 10.1007/BF01530452
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    1. Eponou, Thomas, 1993. "Partners in Agricultural Technology: Linking Research and Technology Transfer to Serve Farmers," ISNAR Archive 310775, CGIAR > International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI).
    2. Lori Thrupp, 1989. "Legitimizing local knowledge: From displacement to empowerment for third world people," Agriculture and Human Values, Springer;The Agriculture, Food, & Human Values Society (AFHVS), vol. 6(3), pages 13-24, June.
    3. Cornelia Flora, 1988. "Farming systems approaches to international technical cooperation in agriculture and rural life," Agriculture and Human Values, Springer;The Agriculture, Food, & Human Values Society (AFHVS), vol. 5(1), pages 24-34, December.
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