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Концепция skill mismatch и проблема оценки несоответствия когнитивных навыков в межстрановых исследованиях

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  • Мальцева В. А.

Abstract

Мальцева Вера Андреевна - кандидат экономических наук, доцент кафедры мировой экономики Уральского государственного экономического университета. Адрес: 620144, г. Екатеринбург, ул. 8 Марта, 62. E-mail: maltsevava@gmail.comSkill mismatch представляет собой несоответствие имеющихся у кандидата на вакансию или у работника навыков необходимым для выполнения рабочих задач. Выделяются типы такого несоответствия, которые различаются по трем критериям: качество несоответствия (избыток/недостаток), субъект фиксации разрыва (работодатель/занятый или соискатель) и тип навыков (когнитивные/профессиональные). Различиями типов несоответствия навыков обусловлена значительная дифференциация в его качественной интерпретации и количественной оценке. Проблема skill mismatch широко обсуждается в странах ОЭСР, однако в российской литературе пока не получила достаточного освещения. Она в равной степени занимает как исследователей в области образования и рынка труда, так и практиков, поэтому в данной статье результаты исследований рассматриваются через призму потенциального использования образовательными организациями как важнейшими потребителями информации о skill mismatch и его искоренителями.Выделены пять типов несоответствия навыков работника или соискателя спросу работодателей. Описаны три метода оценки несоответствия, выбор которых зависит от типа данных о спросе и предложении навыков: косвенный, прямой объективный, прямой субъективный. Типологизированы способы оценки разрыва в когнитивных навыках в ключевых межстрановых исследованиях: PIAAC, STEP, OECD Skills for Jobs Database. Установлено, что в межстрановых исследованиях несоответствия когнитивных навыков преобладает смешанный подход, вынужденно реализуемый из-за уязвимостей, присущих оценкам в межстрановом формате: отсутствие объективных данных о спросе на навыки, использование субъективных либо только косвенных данных. Эти ограничения не позволяют бо́льшей части межстрановых оценок skill mismatch стать основой для практического применения в образовательных организациях.

Suggested Citation

  • Мальцева В. А., 2019. "Концепция skill mismatch и проблема оценки несоответствия когнитивных навыков в межстрановых исследованиях," Вопросы образования // Educational Studies Moscow, National Research University Higher School of Economics, issue 3, pages 43-76.
    • Handle: RePEc:scn:voprob:2019:i:3:p:43-76
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    References listed on IDEAS

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