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Creative Cities, Creative Spaces and Urban Policy

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  • Graeme Evans

    (Cities Institute, London Metropolitan University, Ladbroke House, 62-66 Highbury Grove, London, N5 2AD, UK, g.evans@londonmet.ac.uk)

Abstract

The paper presents the results of an international study of creative industry policies and strategies, based on a survey of public-sector creative city initiatives and plans and their underlying rationales. As well as this survey and an accompanying literature review, interviews were carried out with senior policy-makers and intermediaries from Europe, North America, Africa and south-east Asia. The paper considers the scope and scale of so-called new-industrial clusters in local cultural and creative quarters and sub-regional creative hubs, which are the subject of policy interventions and public—private investment. The semantic and symbolic expansion of the cultural industries and their concentration in once-declining urban and former industrial districts, to the creative industries, and now to the knowledge and experience economy, is revealed in economic, sectoral and spatial terms. Whilst policy convergence and emulation are evident, manifested by the promotion of creative spaces and industry clusters and versions of the digital media and science city, this is driven by a meta-analysis of growth in the new economy, but one that is being achieved by old industrial economic interventions and policy rationales. These are being used to justify the redevelopment of former and residual industrial zones, with cities utilising the creative quarter/knowledge hub as a panacea to implement broader city expansion and regeneration plans.

Suggested Citation

  • Graeme Evans, 2009. "Creative Cities, Creative Spaces and Urban Policy," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 46(5-6), pages 1003-1040, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:sae:urbstu:v:46:y:2009:i:5-6:p:1003-1040
    DOI: 10.1177/0042098009103853
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

    1. Lauren Andres & Oleg Golubchikov, 2016. "The Limits to Artist-Led Regeneration: Creative Brownfields in the Cities of High Culture," International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 40(4), pages 757-775, July.
    2. Baycan, T. & Nijkamp, P., 2011. "A socio-economic impact analysis of cultural diversity," Serie Research Memoranda 0012, VU University Amsterdam, Faculty of Economics, Business Administration and Econometrics.
    3. Carl Grodach, 2013. "Cultural Economy Planning in Creative Cities: Discourse and Practice," International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 37(5), pages 1747-1765, September.
    4. Weifeng Guo & Xiangmin Zheng & Fang Meng & Xiaonan Zhang, 2019. "The Evolution of Cultural Space in a World Heritage Site: Tourism Sustainable Development of Mount Wuyi, China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(15), pages 1-17, July.
    5. Pier Luigi Sacco & Guido Ferilli & Blessi Giorgio Tavano, 2012. "Sviluppo locale a base culturale: quando funziona e perch?? Alla ricerca di un framework di riferimento," PRISMA Economia - Societ? - Lavoro, FrancoAngeli Editore, vol. 2012(1), pages 9-27.
    6. Andreea-Alexandra ANECHITEI, 2018. "Social Innovation through Urban Regeneration – A Local Model. Case study: IT Companies between 2009-2018," REVISTA DE MANAGEMENT COMPARAT INTERNATIONAL/REVIEW OF INTERNATIONAL COMPARATIVE MANAGEMENT, Faculty of Management, Academy of Economic Studies, Bucharest, Romania, vol. 19(3), pages 244-251, July.
    7. Marina van Geenhuizen & Peter Nijkamp, 2012. "Creative Cities in a Knowledge Society: Introduction," Chapters, in: Marina van Geenhuizen & Peter Nijkamp (ed.), Creative Knowledge Cities, chapter 1, Edward Elgar Publishing.
    8. Gilberto Seravalli, 2016. "Dimensioni e crescita delle citt? in Europa: l?incertezza danneggia soprattutto le citt? medie," SCIENZE REGIONALI, FrancoAngeli Editore, vol. 2016(2), pages 91-108.
    9. Anna Szopa, 2017. "The Role of Local and Regional Factors in the Development of Creative Clusters (Lokalne determinanty rozwoju klastrow przemyslow kreatywnych)," Research Reports, University of Warsaw, Faculty of Management, vol. 1(23), pages 75-82.
    10. Tüzin Baycan & Peter Nijkamp, 2012. "A socio-economic impact analysis of urban cultural diversity: pathways and horizons," Chapters, in: Peter Nijkamp & Jacques Poot & Mediha Sahin (ed.), Migration Impact Assessment, chapter 5, pages 175-202, Edward Elgar Publishing.
    11. Pancholi, Surabhi & Yigitcanlar, Tan & Guaralda, Mirko, 2019. "Place making for innovation and knowledge-intensive activities: The Australian experience," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 146(C), pages 616-625.
    12. Etemad, Hamid & Motaghi, Hamed, 2018. "Internationalization pattern of creative-cultural events: Two cases from Canada," International Business Review, Elsevier, vol. 27(5), pages 1033-1044.
    13. Yi-Kai Juan & Yu-Ching Cheng & Yeng-Horng Perng, 2019. "Preparations for Developing a World Design Capital: The Case of Taipei City Transformation Process in Taiwan," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(21), pages 1-19, October.
    14. Tanguy, Marine & Kumar, Vishal, 2019. "Measuring the extent to which Londoners are willing to pay for public art in their city," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 142(C), pages 301-311.
    15. Diane-Gabrielle Tremblay & Angélo Battaglia, 2013. "A comparative approach to doing research on cities: comparing North American cities to others," Chapters, in: Peter Karl Kresl & Jaime Sobrino (ed.), Handbook of Research Methods and Applications in Urban Economies, chapter 5, pages 97-126, Edward Elgar Publishing.
    16. Rahel Falk & Hasan Bakhshi & Martin Falk & Wilhelm Geiger & Susanne Karr & Catherine Keppel & Hannes Leo & Roland Spitzlinger, 2011. "Innovation and Competitiveness of the Creative Industries," WIFO Studies, WIFO, number 41510.
    17. Gavriilidis, Gaby & Metaxas, Theodore, 2017. "Strategic planning and city/regional development: Review, analysis, critique and applications for Greece," MPRA Paper 81131, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    18. Sandra Smeltzer, 2017. "Political Arts Urbanization: A Malaysian Case Study," International Journal of Asian Social Science, Asian Economic and Social Society, vol. 7(2), pages 126-139, February.
    19. Koliousis, Ioannis G. & Papadimitriou, Stratos & Riza, Elena & Stavroulakis, Peter J. & Tsioumas, Vangelis, 2019. "Strategic correlations for maritime clusters," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 120(C), pages 43-57.
    20. Arie Romein & Jan Jacob Trip, 2012. "Theory and Practice of the Creative City Thesis: Experiences from Amsterdam and Rotterdam," Chapters, in: Marina van Geenhuizen & Peter Nijkamp (ed.), Creative Knowledge Cities, chapter 2, Edward Elgar Publishing.
    21. Yu-Yun Liu & Yin-Hao Chiu, 2017. "Evaluation of the Policy of the Creative Industry for Urban Development," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 9(6), pages 1-23, June.
    22. Charles H. Davis, 2011. "Media Industry Clusters and Public Policy," Chapters, in: Charlie Karlsson & Robert G. Picard (ed.), Media Clusters, chapter 4, Edward Elgar Publishing.
    23. Pier Luigi Sacco & Guido Ferilli & Giorgio Tavano Blessi, 2018. "From Culture 1.0 to Culture 3.0: Three Socio-Technical Regimes of Social and Economic Value Creation through Culture, and Their Impact on European Cohesion Policies," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(11), pages 1-23, October.
    24. William F. Lever, 2013. "Evaluating the urban milieu of an individual city," Chapters, in: Peter Karl Kresl & Jaime Sobrino (ed.), Handbook of Research Methods and Applications in Urban Economies, chapter 15, pages 372-395, Edward Elgar Publishing.
    25. Michael Janoschka & Jorge Sequera & Luis Salinas, 2014. "Gentrification in Spain and Latin America — a Critical Dialogue," International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 38(4), pages 1234-1265, July.

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