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Tolerance, aesthetics, amenities or jobs? Dutch city attraction to the creative class

Author

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  • G.A. Marlet
  • C. van Woerkens

Abstract

Richard Florida stated that it is not (only) job opportunities or urban amenities which attract creative high-educated people to cities but, rather, tolerance and aesthetics. We have tested this hypothesis in a cross section of Dutch cities. Our conclusion is that the tolerance/creative class nexus empirically fails to materialize for the Netherlands. However, the aesthetic assets of cities do provide a strong explanation for both share and growth of the creative class in Dutch cities. Beside that, job opportunities and urban amenities are still the most important factors influencing the choice for a place of residence.

Suggested Citation

  • G.A. Marlet & C. van Woerkens, 2005. "Tolerance, aesthetics, amenities or jobs? Dutch city attraction to the creative class," Working Papers 05-33, Utrecht School of Economics.
    • Handle: RePEc:use:tkiwps:0533
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    Cited by:

    1. Gerard Marlet & Clemens van Woerkens, 2007. "The Dutch Creative Class and How it Fosters Urban Employment Growth," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 44(13), pages 2605-2626, December.
    2. Hudec Oto & Klasová Slávka, 2016. "Slovak Creativity Index – A PCA Based Approach," European Spatial Research and Policy, Sciendo, vol. 23(1), pages 47-64, June.
    3. Graeme Evans, 2009. "Creative Cities, Creative Spaces and Urban Policy," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 46(5-6), pages 1003-1040, May.
    4. Rahel Falk & Hasan Bakhshi & Martin Falk & Wilhelm Geiger & Susanne Karr & Catherine Keppel & Hannes Leo & Roland Spitzlinger, 2011. "Innovation and Competitiveness of the Creative Industries," WIFO Studies, WIFO, number 41510.
    5. Niclas Berggren & Mikael Elinder, 2012. "Is tolerance good or bad for growth?," Public Choice, Springer, vol. 150(1), pages 283-308, January.
    6. Bradley Bereitschaft, 2017. "Do “creative” and “non-creative” workers exhibit similar preferences for urban amenities? An exploratory case study of Omaha, Nebraska," Journal of Urbanism: International Research on Placemaking and Urban Sustainability, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 10(2), pages 198-216, April.
    7. Karen M. King, 2011. "Technology, Talent and Tolerance and Inter-regional Migration in Canada," Chapters, in: David Emanuel Andersson & Åke E. Andersson & Charlotta Mellander (ed.), Handbook of Creative Cities, chapter 9, Edward Elgar Publishing.
    8. Mark van Duijn & Jan Rouwendal, 2013. "Cultural heritage and the location choice of Dutch households in a residential sorting model," Journal of Economic Geography, Oxford University Press, vol. 13(3), pages 473-500, May.
    9. Metaxas, Theodore & Duquenne, Marie Noelle, 2015. "Small and Medium Sized Firms’ Competitiveness and Territorial Characteristics by using a MLR approach," MPRA Paper 66848, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    10. Jonathan Borggren & Patrik Ström, 2014. "On the waterfront: Studying the development of residences and workplaces at Norra Älvstranden, Gothenburg, Sweden," Local Economy, London South Bank University, vol. 29(4-5), pages 429-452, June.
    11. Chantelot Sèbastien, 2011. "French creative clusters: An exploratory spatial data analysis," ERSA conference papers ersa10p477, European Regional Science Association.
    12. Thomas Krauskopf & Björn Bünger & Martin Langen, "undated". "Cultural Infrastructure and Regional Economic Well-Being in Germany - Are we creative yet?," Working Papers 200101, Institute of Spatial and Housing Economics, Munster Universitary.
    13. Lily Kiminami & Akira Kiminami & Shinichi Furuzawa, 2018. "Impacts of multi-functionality of urban agriculture on the CCs in Japan," Asia-Pacific Journal of Regional Science, Springer, vol. 2(2), pages 507-527, August.
    14. Lily Kiminami & Shinichi Furuzawa & Akira Kiminami, 2019. "Impacts of multi-functionality of urban agriculture on the creative classes in global mega city: focusing on Shanghai in China," Asia-Pacific Journal of Regional Science, Springer, vol. 3(2), pages 487-515, June.
    15. Metaxas, Theodore & Kallioras, Dimitris, 2013. "Small and medium-sized firms' competitiveness and territorial characteristics/assets: The cases of Bari, Varna and Thessaloniki," MPRA Paper 52446, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    16. Ann Marie Fiore & Linda S. Niehm & Jessica L. Hurst & Jihyeong Son & Amrut Sadachar & Daniel W. Russell & David Swenson & Christopher Seeger, 2015. "Will They Stay or Will They Go? Community Features Important in Migration Decisions of Recent University Graduates," Economic Development Quarterly, , vol. 29(1), pages 23-37, February.
    17. Krauskopf, Thomas & Bünger, Björn & Langen, Martin, 2010. "Cultural infrastructure and regional economic well-being in Germany: Are we creative yet?," CAWM Discussion Papers 30, University of Münster, Münster Center for Economic Policy (MEP).
    18. Mark C. Childs, 2016. "Paint it red," Journal of Urban Design, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 21(4), pages 426-428, July.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    urban economics; human capital; creative class; tolerance; urban amenities; city aesthetics;
    All these keywords.

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