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Measuring Self-Stigma of Mental Illness in China and Its Implications for Recovery

Author

Listed:
  • Kelvin M.T. Fung

    (Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hunghom, Hong Kong)

  • Hector W.H. Tsang

    (Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hunghom, Hong Kong, rshtsang@inet.polyu.edu.hk)

  • Patrick W. Corrigan

    (Institute of Psychology, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, USA)

  • Chow S. Lam

    (Institute of Psychology, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, USA)

  • Wai-ming Cheng

    (Faculty of Education, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong)

Abstract

This study translated and validated the Chinese Version of the Self-stigma of Mental Illness Scale (CSSMIS), which may be used to measure self-stigma of mental health consumers in China. We also examined its correlation with self-esteem, self-efficacy and psychosocial treatment compliance. A cross-sectional observational study was implemented. Some 51 males and 57 females who suffered from severe mental illness were recruited from psychiatric settings in Hong Kong. They were required to complete the Chinese Version of the Self-stigma of Mental Illness Scale, the Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale and the Self-efficacy Scale. Their level of compliance during psychosocial treatment and their demographic information were recorded by their case managers. Exploratory factor analysis revealed two homologous factors for the four subscales of the CSSMIS. Factor 1 was related to the negative beliefs and consequences of having mental disorders, whereas Factor 2 was related to positive beliefs. The perceived stigma subscale and the three self-stigma subscales were strongly inter-correlated. Significant correlations were also found between almost all subscales of the CSSMIS and the remaining scales. The psychometric properties of the CSSMIS are statistically acceptable. The results also suggest that stigma played a detrimental role in undermining self-esteem, self-efficacy and psychosocial treatment compliance. Implications for recovery of mental health consumers are discussed.

Suggested Citation

  • Kelvin M.T. Fung & Hector W.H. Tsang & Patrick W. Corrigan & Chow S. Lam & Wai-ming Cheng, 2007. "Measuring Self-Stigma of Mental Illness in China and Its Implications for Recovery," International Journal of Social Psychiatry, , vol. 53(5), pages 408-418, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:sae:socpsy:v:53:y:2007:i:5:p:408-418
    DOI: 10.1177/0020764007078342
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    1. Henry Kaiser, 1974. "An index of factorial simplicity," Psychometrika, Springer;The Psychometric Society, vol. 39(1), pages 31-36, March.
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    Cited by:

    1. Mai, Nhat Chi, 2017. "Social work and a Community-based Rehabilitation Program for People with Disabilities in Vietnam," OSF Preprints rm2sq, Center for Open Science.
    2. Yuanyuan Liao & Moses Agyemang Ameyaw & Chen Liang & Weijian Li & Yilong Ji & Zhenni An, 2023. "Effects of Evidence-Based Intervention on Teachers’ Mental Health Literacy: Systematic Review and a Meta-Analysis," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(11), pages 1-17, June.
    3. Ching-Ming Cheng & Chih-Cheng Chang & Jung-Der Wang & Kun-Chia Chang & Shuo-Yen Ting & Chung-Ying Lin, 2019. "Negative Impacts of Self-Stigma on the Quality of Life of Patients in Methadone Maintenance Treatment: The Mediated Roles of Psychological Distress and Social Functioning," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(7), pages 1-16, April.
    4. Livingston, James D. & Boyd, Jennifer E., 2010. "Correlates and consequences of internalized stigma for people living with mental illness: A systematic review and meta-analysis," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 71(12), pages 2150-2161, December.
    5. Chen, Xi & Wang, Tianyu & Busch, Susan H., 2019. "Does money relieve depression? Evidence from social pension expansions in China," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 220(C), pages 411-420.
    6. Da Li, 2014. "Should self-stigma reduction program be regarded as the first and foremost psychosocial intervention for people with schizophrenia?," International Journal of Social Psychiatry, , vol. 60(7), pages 720-721, November.
    7. Bichitra Nanda Patra & Vaibhav Patil & Yatan Pal Singh Balhara & Sudhir K Khandelwal, 2022. "Self-stigma in patients with major depressive disorder: An exploratory study from India," International Journal of Social Psychiatry, , vol. 68(1), pages 147-154, February.
    8. Mak, Winnie W.S. & Kwok, Yvonne T.Y., 2010. "Internalization of stigma for parents of children with autism spectrum disorder in Hong Kong," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 70(12), pages 2045-2051, June.
    9. Daniel Kim-Wan Young & Petrus Yat-Nam Ng, 2016. "The prevalence and predictors of self-stigma of individuals with mental health illness in two Chinese cities," International Journal of Social Psychiatry, , vol. 62(2), pages 176-185, March.
    10. Yuan Liang & Yan-Hong Gong & Xiao-Piao Wen & Chao-Ping Guan & Ming-Chuan Li & Ping Yin & Zhi-Qing Wang, 2012. "Social Determinants of Health and Depression: A Preliminary Investigation from Rural China," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 7(1), pages 1-7, January.
    11. Temilola J Mosanya & Adegoke O Adelufosi & Olaolu T Adebowale & Adegboyega Ogunwale & Olaide K Adebayo, 2014. "Self-stigma, quality of life and schizophrenia: An outpatient clinic survey in Nigeria," International Journal of Social Psychiatry, , vol. 60(4), pages 377-386, June.
    12. Mao-Sheng Ran & Tian-Ming Zhang & Irene Yin-Ling Wong & Xin Yang & Chang-Cheng Liu & Bo Liu & Wei Luo & Wei-Hong Kuang & Graham Thornicroft & Cecilia Lai-Wan Chan, 2018. "Internalized stigma in people with severe mental illness in rural China," International Journal of Social Psychiatry, , vol. 64(1), pages 9-16, February.

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