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Deportations and development: Responding to El Salvador’s new migration crisis

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  • Nik Theodore

Abstract

For decades El Salvador has been reliant on migration, mainly to the US, to provide remittances and an outlet for widespread underemployment. The deportation of tens of thousands of migrants annually by the United States, however, threatens to exacerbate problems of joblessness, poverty, and informality in local economies, calling into question the suitability of prevailing economic development strategies. This study proposes an alternative approach—labor force-based development—that was initially proposed to assist US cities confronting widespread job losses following deindustrialization. Through a survey of 198 Salvadorans who were apprehended by US immigration authorities and deported, this article documents deportees’ employment experiences in El Salvador and the US, tenure in their primary occupation, education and training obtained, and the localities to which they will return. It also provides recommendations for improving the employment outcomes of deportees. Given that a substantial proportion of deportees have worked in the construction industry, opportunities exist for designing workforce development programs that meet the needs of jobseekers as well as local communities facing housing shortages.

Suggested Citation

  • Nik Theodore, 2020. "Deportations and development: Responding to El Salvador’s new migration crisis," Local Economy, London South Bank University, vol. 35(7), pages 635-654, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:sae:loceco:v:35:y:2020:i:7:p:635-654
    DOI: 10.1177/0269094220981052
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. World Bank, 2018. "Doing Business 2018," World Bank Publications - Books, The World Bank Group, number 28608.
    2. Pastor, Manuel Jr. & Conroy, Michael E., 1995. "Distributional implications of macroeconomic policy: Theory and applications to El Salvador," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 23(12), pages 2117-2131, December.
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    4. Ambler, Kate, 2019. "Migration and remittances in Central America: New evidence and pathways for future research," LAC working papers 4, International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI).
    5. Jodi Berger Cardoso & Erin Randle Hamilton & Nestor Rodriguez & Karl Eschbach & Jacqueline Hagan, 2016. "Deporting Fathers: Involuntary Transnational Families and Intent to Remigrate among Salvadoran Deportees," International Migration Review, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 50(1), pages 197-230, March.
    6. World Bank, 2017. "World Development Indicators 2017," World Bank Publications - Books, The World Bank Group, number 26447.
    7. Catalina Amuedo-Dorantes & Susan Pozo & Thitima Puttitanun, 2015. "Immigration Enforcement, Parent–Child Separations, and Intent to Remigrate by Central American Deportees," Demography, Springer;Population Association of America (PAA), vol. 52(6), pages 1825-1851, December.
    8. Natasha Iskander & Christine Riordan & Nichola Lowe, 2013. "Learning in Place: Immigrants' Spatial and Temporal Strategies for Occupational Advancement," Economic Geography, Clark University, vol. 89(1), pages 53-75, January.
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