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Has the NFL’s Rooney Rule Efforts ‘‘Leveled the Field’’ for African American Head Coach Candidates?

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  • Janice Fanning Madden

    (University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA, madden@ssc.upenn.edu)

  • Matthew Ruther

    (University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA)

Abstract

Madden provides evidence that African American head coaches in the National Football League (NFL) significantly outperformed whites between 1990 and 2002. She concludes that this evidence is consistent with African Americans being required to be better to be hired as head coaches. In 2002, the NFL promulgated the Rooney Rule requiring that NFL teams make various affirmative efforts when hiring coaches. This article finds that the performance advantage of African American head coaches has been eliminated since the Rooney Rule but finds no similar time trends in racial differentials in performance for other NFL coaching positions.

Suggested Citation

  • Janice Fanning Madden & Matthew Ruther, 2011. "Has the NFL’s Rooney Rule Efforts ‘‘Leveled the Field’’ for African American Head Coach Candidates?," Journal of Sports Economics, , vol. 12(2), pages 127-142, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:sae:jospec:v:12:y:2011:i:2:p:127-142
    DOI: 10.1177/1527002510379641
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. David Branham, 2008. "Taking Advantage of an Untapped Pool: Assessing the Success of African American Head Coaches in the National Football League," The Review of Black Political Economy, Springer;National Economic Association, vol. 35(4), pages 129-146, December.
    2. C. Edward Fee, 2006. "Promotions in the Internal and External Labor Market: Evidence from Professional Football Coaching Careers," The Journal of Business, University of Chicago Press, vol. 79(2), pages 821-850, March.
    3. Janice Fanning Madden & Matthew Ruther, 2009. "Reply to: Differences in the Success of NFL Coaches by Race," Journal of Sports Economics, , vol. 10(5), pages 543-550, October.
    4. Keith D. Malone & Jim F. Couch & J. Douglas Barrett, 2008. "Differences in the Success of NFL Coaches by Race," Journal of Sports Economics, , vol. 9(6), pages 663-670, December.
    5. Brian L. Goff & Robert D. Tollison, 2009. "Racial Integration of Coaching," Journal of Sports Economics, , vol. 10(2), pages 127-140, April.
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    Cited by:

    1. Nolan Kopkin, 2014. "You’re Fired!: The Impact of Race on the Firing of Black Head Coaches in Major College Football," The Review of Black Political Economy, Springer;National Economic Association, vol. 41(4), pages 373-392, December.
    2. Foreman, Jeremy J. & Soebbing, Brian P. & Seifried, Chad S., 2019. "The impact of deviance on head coach dismissals and implications of a personal conduct policy," Sport Management Review, Elsevier, vol. 22(4), pages 491-501.
    3. Brian Volz, 2013. "Race and the Likelihood of Managing in Major League Baseball," Journal of Labor Research, Springer, vol. 34(1), pages 30-51, March.
    4. Salaga, Steven & Juravich, Matthew, 2020. "National Football League head coach race, performance, retention, and dismissal," Sport Management Review, Elsevier, vol. 23(5), pages 978-991.
    5. Andrew P. Davis & Tom R. Leppard & Alexander B. Kinney, 2022. "A shame of inches: Are teams with black head coaches more heavily penalized in Division 1 college football?," Social Science Quarterly, Southwestern Social Science Association, vol. 103(2), pages 259-273, March.

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