IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/sae/globus/v25y2024i3p724-749.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Impact Assessment Study of NPAs and Rate of Recovery: Are Private Sector Banks in India Better off?

Author

Listed:
  • Richa Verma Bajaj
  • Gargi Sanati
  • Chetan Lodha

Abstract

Our study significantly contributes in understanding a comparative framework and the interactions of idiosyncratic and systematic factors for determining non-performing assets (NPA) and rate of recovery for banks in India, as put forward by Basel committee. Although determinants of NPA is very well debated issue, the comparison of public and private sector banks in terms of their assets quality i.e. NPAs and rate of recovery and their determinants like collateral, operational inefficiency, GDP growth rate etc. are the added contribition of this study. We have employed Arrelano–Bond dynamic panel method on 35 banks in India for the period 1998–1999 to 2017–2018 for determinants of NPAs, while determinants of rate of recovery are studied for the period 2003–2004 to 2017–2018. Our findings show that the priority sector loan has significant differences in determining NPA across banks despite them having sufficient collateral. The negative relationship between collateral and recovery, especially for private sector banks, signifies low recovery for illliquid collateral. This study may recommend that a bank with high net interest margin (NIM), high proportion of secured and liquid collateral, and sufficient mix of long- and short-duration loans in line with bank’s asset liability policy can manage their portfolio well.

Suggested Citation

  • Richa Verma Bajaj & Gargi Sanati & Chetan Lodha, 2024. "Impact Assessment Study of NPAs and Rate of Recovery: Are Private Sector Banks in India Better off?," Global Business Review, International Management Institute, vol. 25(3), pages 724-749, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:sae:globus:v:25:y:2024:i:3:p:724-749
    DOI: 10.1177/0972150920980305
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0972150920980305
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1177/0972150920980305?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. repec:bla:ecnote:v:33:y:2004:i:2:p:183-208 is not listed on IDEAS
    2. Kurt Hess & Arthur Grimes & Mark Holmes, 2009. "Credit Losses in Australasian Banking," The Economic Record, The Economic Society of Australia, vol. 85(270), pages 331-343, September.
    3. Berger, Allen N. & DeYoung, Robert, 1997. "Problem loans and cost efficiency in commercial banks," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 21(6), pages 849-870, June.
    4. Gambacorta, Leonardo & Brei, Michael & Lucchetta, Marcella & Parigi, Bruno, 2020. "Bad bank resolutions and bank lending," CEPR Discussion Papers 14379, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
    5. Kwan, Simon H., 2006. "The X-efficiency of commercial banks in Hong Kong," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 30(4), pages 1127-1147, April.
    6. Acharya, Viral V. & Bharath, Sreedhar T. & Srinivasan, Anand, 2007. "Does industry-wide distress affect defaulted firms? Evidence from creditor recoveries," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 85(3), pages 787-821, September.
    7. repec:bla:jfinan:v:44:y:1989:i:4:p:909-22 is not listed on IDEAS
    8. Khieu, Hinh D. & Mullineaux, Donald J. & Yi, Ha-Chin, 2012. "The determinants of bank loan recovery rates," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 36(4), pages 923-933.
    9. Swamy, Vighneswara, 2012. "Impact of Macroeconomic and Endogenous Factors on Non-Performing Bank Assets," MPRA Paper 47517, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    10. repec:czx:journl:v:18:y:2011:i:28:id:183 is not listed on IDEAS
    11. Stefano Caselli & Stefano Gatti & Francesca Querci, 2008. "The Sensitivity of the Loss Given Default Rate to Systematic Risk: New Empirical Evidence on Bank Loans," Journal of Financial Services Research, Springer;Western Finance Association, vol. 34(1), pages 1-34, August.
    12. Acharya, Viral & Bharath, Sreedhar T & Srinivasan, Anand, 2003. "Understanding the Recovery Rates on Defaulted Securities," CEPR Discussion Papers 4098, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
    13. Jimenez, Gabriel & Salas, Vicente & Saurina, Jesus, 2006. "Determinants of collateral," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 81(2), pages 255-281, August.
    14. Dermine, J. & de Carvalho, C. Neto, 2006. "Bank loan losses-given-default: A case study," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 30(4), pages 1219-1243, April.
    15. A Das & S Ghosh, 2007. "Determinants of Credit Risk in Indian State-owned Banks: An Empirical Investigation," Economic Issues Journal Articles, Economic Issues, vol. 12(2), pages 27-46, September.
    16. Claudio Borio & Craig Furfine & Philip Lowe, 2001. "Procyclicality of the financial system and financial stability: issues and policy options," BIS Papers chapters, in: Bank for International Settlements (ed.), Marrying the macro- and micro-prudential dimensions of financial stability, volume 1, pages 1-57, Bank for International Settlements.
    17. Grunert, Jens & Weber, Martin, 2009. "Recovery rates of commercial lending: Empirical evidence for German companies," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 33(3), pages 505-513, March.
    18. Vicente Salas & Jesús Saurina, 2002. "Credit Risk in Two Institutional Regimes: Spanish Commercial and Savings Banks," Journal of Financial Services Research, Springer;Western Finance Association, vol. 22(3), pages 203-224, December.
    19. Mohd Zaini Abd Karim & Sok-Gee Chan & Sallahudin Hassan, 2010. "Bank Efficiency and Non-Performing Loans: Evidence from Malaysia and Singapore," Prague Economic Papers, Prague University of Economics and Business, vol. 2010(2), pages 118-132.
    20. Mr. In W Song, 2002. "Collateral in Loan Classification and Provisioning," IMF Working Papers 2002/122, International Monetary Fund.
    21. Manuel Arellano & Stephen Bond, 1991. "Some Tests of Specification for Panel Data: Monte Carlo Evidence and an Application to Employment Equations," The Review of Economic Studies, Review of Economic Studies Ltd, vol. 58(2), pages 277-297.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Pallavi Chavan & Leonardo Gambacorta, 2016. "Bank lending and loan quality: the case of India," BIS Working Papers 595, Bank for International Settlements.
    2. Pallavi Chavan & Leonardo Gambacorta, 2019. "Bank lending and loan quality: an emerging economy perspective," Empirical Economics, Springer, vol. 57(1), pages 1-29, July.
    3. Antonio Miguel Martins & Ana Paula Serra & Francisco Vitorino Martins & Simon Stevenson, 2019. "Residential Property Loans and Bank Performance during Property Price Booms: Evidence from Europe," Annals of Economics and Finance, Society for AEF, vol. 20(1), pages 247-295, May.
    4. Mihail Petkovski & Jordan Kjosevski & Kiril Jovanovski, 2018. "Empirical Panel Analysis of Non-performing Loans in the Czech Republic. What are their Determinants and How Strong is their Impact on the Real Economy?," Czech Journal of Economics and Finance (Finance a uver), Charles University Prague, Faculty of Social Sciences, vol. 68(5), pages 460-490, October.
    5. Gargi Sanati & Anup Kumar Bhandari, 2024. "Dynamics of Operational Efficiency in Credit Lending and Recovery of Stressed Assets: An Alternative Approach with Undesirable By-Products," Journal of Quantitative Economics, Springer;The Indian Econometric Society (TIES), vol. 22(2), pages 365-394, June.
    6. Thamayanthi Chellathurai, 2017. "Probability Density Of Recovery Rate Given Default Of A Firm’S Debt And Its Constituent Tranches," International Journal of Theoretical and Applied Finance (IJTAF), World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., vol. 20(04), pages 1-34, June.
    7. Mehmet Levent Erdas & Zeynep Ezanoglu, 2022. "How Do Bank-Specific Factors Impact Non-Performing Loans: Evidence from G20 Countries," Journal of Central Banking Theory and Practice, Central bank of Montenegro, vol. 11(2), pages 97-122.
    8. Ghosh, Saibal, 2019. "Loan delinquency in banking systems: How effective are credit reporting systems?," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 47(C), pages 220-236.
    9. Gabriel Jiménez & Jesús Saurina, 2006. "Credit Cycles, Credit Risk, and Prudential Regulation," International Journal of Central Banking, International Journal of Central Banking, vol. 2(2), May.
    10. Biswa Swarup Misra & Paolo Coccorese, 2025. "What affected stressed advances of Indian banks in the early 2000s? An investigation of the role of bank-specific and macroeconomic factors," International Economics and Economic Policy, Springer, vol. 22(1), pages 1-24, February.
    11. Christian Keuschnigg & Linda Kirschner & Michael Kogler & Hannah Winterberg, 2020. "Italy in the Eurozone," CESifo Working Paper Series 8416, CESifo.
    12. Keuschnigg, Christian & Kogler, Michael, 2020. "The Schumpeterian role of banks: Credit reallocation and capital structure," European Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 121(C).
    13. Betz, Jennifer & Kellner, Ralf & Rösch, Daniel, 2018. "Systematic Effects among Loss Given Defaults and their Implications on Downturn Estimation," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 271(3), pages 1113-1144.
    14. Peter-Hendrik Ingermann & Frederik Hesse & Christian Bélorgey & Andreas Pfingsten, 2016. "The recovery rate for retail and commercial customers in Germany: a look at collateral and its adjusted market values," Business Research, Springer;German Academic Association for Business Research, vol. 9(2), pages 179-228, August.
    15. Hibbeln, Martin & Gürtler, Marc, 2011. "Pitfalls in modeling loss given default of bank loans," Working Papers IF35V1, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institute of Finance.
    16. Abu, Benjamin Musah & Domanban, Paul Bata & Haruna, Issahaku, 2017. "Microcredit Loan Repayment Default among Small Scale Enterprises: A Double Hurdle Approach," MPRA Paper 101576, University Library of Munich, Germany, revised 12 Mar 2017.
    17. Burim Gashi, 2021. "Impact of Bank Specific and Macro Determinants on Non-performing Loans of Polish Banking Sector," Economic Studies journal, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences - Economic Research Institute, issue 7, pages 129-147.
    18. A Das & S Ghosh, 2007. "Determinants of Credit Risk in Indian State-owned Banks: An Empirical Investigation," Economic Issues Journal Articles, Economic Issues, vol. 12(2), pages 27-46, September.
    19. Ghosh, Saibal, 2018. "Bad luck, Bad policy or Bad banking? Understanding the financial management behavior of MENA banks," Journal of Multinational Financial Management, Elsevier, vol. 47, pages 110-128.
    20. Ashima Goyal & Akhilesh Verma, 2018. "Slowdown in Bank Credit Growth: Aggregate Demand or Bank Non-performing Assets?," Margin: The Journal of Applied Economic Research, National Council of Applied Economic Research, vol. 12(3), pages 257-275, August.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:sae:globus:v:25:y:2024:i:3:p:724-749. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: SAGE Publications (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.imi.edu/ .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.